Innovation and ICT in Education The Diversity of the 21st Century Classroom

The adequate integration of information and communication technologies (ICT) in educational and training processes is one of the biggest current challenges in education. The classroom of the present is very different from just a few decades ago new technological tools are completely transforming its characteristics and activities. This internationally authored book offers a timely effective and practical vision of this new educational scenario. The book takes a multidisciplinary approach in looking at the problems and possible solutions that are faced by the educational professional of the 21st century when by necessity or obligation they face the use of ICT in their daily tasks. Divided into two parts one theoretical and another practical this book offers the highlights of the most important lines of research that are being developed today in educational technology and importantly presents the innovations which have had the most impact over recent years. From the profound transformations in the physical classroom to everything that involves new virtual scenarios where online teaching requires innovative strategies and training processes this book describes the diverse scenarios that ICT has generated and will continue to generate in the field of education. It presents a new and a very different type of education that can be adapted to the needs of the citizen of the digital society. | Innovation and ICT in Education The Diversity of the 21st Century Classroom

Slime Mould in Arts and Architecture

The slime mould Physarum polycephalum was a source of explosive growth of bioengineered hybrid sensing and computing devices in the past decade. Being in its vegetative state the plasmodium the slime mould configures its protoplasmic network to optimize its geometry with relation to patterns of attractants and repellents. The slime mould’s adaptability polymorphism and aestheticism inspired artists and architects. The slime mould has been seen as a self-conscious liquid form continuously changing its shape in response to external stimulation and due to interactions of thousands of micro-oscillators in its body. Elusiveness is a magic feature of the slime mould. One moment the slime mould gives you a solution to a mathematical problem by a shape of its body next moment it changes its shape and the solution disappears. Slime Mould in Arts and Architecture presents a set of unique chapters written by leading artists architects and scientists which resulted from creative translations of the slime mould behaviour into forms and sounds unconventional investigations and sensorial experiences and the slime mould ability to remove boundaries between living and artificial solid and fluid science and arts. The book gives readers unique tools for designing architectural forms and creative works using the slime mould understanding how pro-cognitive living substrates can be used in everyday life it sparks new ideas and initiates further progress in many fields or arts architecture science and engineering.

Bringing Forth Prosperity Capacity Innovation in Africa

Path to Capacity Innovation: An Africa-MNC Strategic Alliance a policy framework is advanced proposing a strategic alliance between African countries -represented by NEPAD- and the multinational corporation with input from the NGO and couched upon an NEPAD-MNC-NGO cross-fertilizing integrative structure. Capacity innovation is the key to Africa's transformation: with the appropriate catalysts innovation and transformation are but a matter of time in gestation. The first of two major catalysts necessary to prompting this change so long sought by Africans came at the adoption of the New Partnership for Africa's Development. It is one of the most profound collaborations of African Heads of State. The second catalyst is proposed in this work in the form of the multinational corporation as change agent for the innovation process working in alliance with NEPAD as Africa's spokesperson for innovation. The policy framework for African capacity innovation is the material product along with discourse for redress of corruption and security policy narrative for protecting the assets of multinational corporations. Bringing Forth Prosperity: Capacity Innovation in Africa questions capital theory as a development construct and an appropriate platform upon which sustained capacity innovation in Africa may emerge; explores Africa's road to modernity in the context of selected development constructs and assesses capacity innovation from a top down-bottom up perspective purposely to serve as backdrop to the Africa-MNC strategic alliance framework; constructs country capacity ID to identify internal resources available to African countries to support capacity innovation; conceptualizes the Africa-MNC strategic alliance to convey a capacity innovation philosophy; articulates an African capacity innovation policy framework to guide the Alliance through a series of actions designed to prompt innovation activity and set the continent on a course to sustained transformation; and articulates a scheme to protect assets -human and physical- derived through the Africa-MNC strategic alliance. | Bringing Forth Prosperity Capacity Innovation in Africa

Recent Advances in Energy Harvesting Technologies

Energy demand is continuously rising mainly due to population growth and rapid economic development. There are substantial worries about the environmental effects of fossil fuels in addition to the uncertainties surrounding the long-term sustainability of non-renewable energy sources. Environmental safety concerns are driving an increase in the demand for renewable energy production. Numerous efforts have been paid to harvest energy from ambient sources e. g. solar wind thermal hydro mechanical etc. This book discusses the application of artificial intelligence (AI) for energy harvesting. The implementation of metaheuristics and AL algorithms in the field of energy harvesting system will provide a quick start for the researchers and engineers who are new to this area. Energy harvesting technologies are growing very speedily hence it is necessary to summarize recent advances in energy harvesting methodology. Over the recent years a considerable amount of effort has been devoted both in industry and academia towards the performance modelling and evaluation of energy harvesting technologies. This book is the result of a collaborative effort among different researchers in the fields of energy harvesting and artificial intelligence. Technical topics discussed in the book include: Hybrid algorithms Mechanical to electrical energy conversion Swarm intelligence MPPT technologies Polymer nanocomposites | Recent Advances in Energy Harvesting Technologies

A First Course in Control System Design

Control systems are pervasive in our lives. Our homes have environmental controls. The appliances we use such as the washing machine microwave etc. carry embedded controllers in them. We fly in airplanes and drive automobiles that extensively use control systems. The industrial plants that produce consumer goods run on process control systems. The recent drive toward automation has increased our reliance on control systems technology. This book discusses control systems design from a model-based perspective for dynamic system models of single-input single-output type. The emphasis in this book is on understanding and applying the techniques that enable the design of effective control systems in multiple engineering disciplines. The book covers both time-domain and the frequency-domain design methods as well as controller design for both continuous-time and discrete-time systems. MATLAB© and its Control Systems Toolbox are extensively used for design. | A First Course in Control System Design

Big Data in Oncology: Impact Challenges and Risk Assessment

We are in the era of large-scale science. In oncology there is a huge number of data sets grouping information on cancer genomes transcriptomes clinical data and more. The challenge of big data in cancer is to integrate all this diversity of data collected into a unique platform that can be analyzed leading to the generation of readable files. The possibility of harnessing information from all the accumulated data leads to an improvement in cancer patient treatment and outcome. Solving the big data problem in oncology has multiple facets. Big data in Oncology: Impact Challenges and Risk Assessment brings together insights from emerging sophisticated information and communication technologies such as artificial intelligence data science and big data analytics for cancer management. This book focuses on targeted disease treatment using big data analytics. It provides information about targeted treatment in oncology challenges and application of big data in cancer therapy. Recent developments in the fields of artificial intelligence machine learning medical imaging personalized medicine computing and data analytics for improved patient care. Description of the application of big data with AI to discover new targeting points for cancer treatment. Summary of several risk assessments in the field of oncology using big data. Focus on prediction of doses in oncology using big data The most targeted or relevant audience is academics research scholars health care professionals hospital management pharmaceutical chemists the biomedical industry software engineers and IT professionals.

Handbook of Facility Assessment

First published in 2004. This practical guide is designed for facility and maintenance managers who are facing repair or replace decisions for their buildings. Filled with useful information and resources to aid in the decision process this hands-on reference shows readers how to accurately rate the condition of existing equipment and components effectively assess their options and avoid making costly mistakes. Detailed step-by-step instructions are provided along with forms listing specific criteria identified for rating each building component. Topics include the assessment process; building site shell and interior; HVAC plumbing electrical transportation and safety systems; and more. | Handbook of Facility Assessment

Recent Trends and Best Practices in Industry 4.0

Industry 4. 0 is used interchangeably with the fourth industrial revolution and represents a new stage in the organization asnd control of the industrial value chain. Cyber-physical systems form the basis of industry 4. 0 (e. g. 'smart machines'). They use modern control systems have embedded software systems can be addressed via IoT (the Internet of Things) and may use extensive data analytics and/or articifical inteligence systems to operate autonomously. The aim of this book is to provide detailed insights into the state of art techniques in AI IoT Blockchain technology and associated technologies which play a vital role in the implementation of a successful project for upcoming and practicing engineers. Owing to its multidisciplinary nature Industry 4. 0 is not a single topic but a combination of a multitude of technologies from different domains. Keeping this in mind the book includes the following topics: Artificial intelligence Internet of things Blockchain technology Digital manufacturing Robotics Cybersecurity The book will be a comprehensive guide to academicians and engineers who want to align with recent trends of fourth industrial revolution. | Recent Trends and Best Practices in Industry 4. 0

Challenges in Cybersecurity and Privacy - the European Research Landscape

Cybersecurity and Privacy issues are becoming an important barrier for a trusted and dependable global digital society development. Cyber-criminals are continuously shifting their cyber-attacks specially against cyber-physical systems and IoT since they present additional vulnerabilities due to their constrained capabilities their unattended nature and the usage of potential untrustworthiness components. Likewise identity-theft fraud personal data leakages and other related cyber-crimes are continuously evolving causing important damages and privacy problems for European citizens in both virtual and physical scenarios. In this context new holistic approaches methodologies techniques and tools are needed to cope with those issues and mitigate cyberattacks by employing novel cyber-situational awareness frameworks risk analysis and modeling threat intelligent systems cyber-threat information sharing methods advanced big-data analysis techniques as well as exploiting the benefits from latest technologies such as SDN/NFV and Cloud systems. In addition novel privacy-preserving techniques and crypto-privacy mechanisms identity and eID management systems trust services and recommendations are needed to protect citizens’ privacy while keeping usability levels. The European Commission is addressing the challenge through different means including the Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation program thereby financing innovative projects that can cope with the increasing cyberthreat landscape. This book introduces several cybersecurity and privacy research challenges and how they are being addressed in the scope of 15 European research projects. Each chapter is dedicated to a different funded European Research project which aims to cope with digital security and privacy aspects risks threats and cybersecurity issues from a different perspective. Each chapter includes the project’s overviews and objectives the particular challenges they are covering research achievements on security and privacy as well as the techniques outcomes and evaluations accomplished in the scope of the EU project. The book is the result of a collaborative effort among relative ongoing European Research projects in the field of privacy and security as well as related cybersecurity fields and it is intended to explain how these projects meet the main cybersecurity and privacy challenges faced in Europe. Namely the EU projects analyzed in the book are: ANASTACIA SAINT YAKSHA FORTIKA CYBECO SISSDEN CIPSEC CS-AWARE. RED-Alert Truessec. eu. ARIES LIGHTest CREDENTIAL FutureTrust LEPS. Challenges in Cybersecurity and Privacy - the European Research Landscape is ideal for personnel in computer/communication industries as well as academic staff and master/research students in computer science and communications networks interested in learning about cyber-security and privacy aspects.

Remote Patient Monitoring: A Computational Perspective in Healthcare

This book provides a multidisciplinary overview of the design and implementation of systems for remote patient monitoring and healthcare. Readers are guided through the components of such a system and shown how they could be integrated into a coherent framework for deployment in practice. The book ends with a discussion of case studies to provide practical examples and design methods for remote healthcare systems with different needs. This book contains information that will be helpful to undergraduate and postgraduate students academic and professional researchers and individuals who employ computational intelligence. By presenting new models of care and support AI in medicine is having an impact on the entire value chain of clinical practice and the patient care delivery system. This is especially evident in telemedicine breakthroughs where applications of AI are utilized to assist complement or create new forms of remote healthcare. Through the use of communications technology telemedicine enables medical professionals to examine diagnose and treat patients remotely. Now the technology might also integrate online diagnostics etc. to increase the effectiveness of the healthcare system and enhance patient outcomes. By enabling elderly people to live independently technological advancements in fields like remote patient monitoring (RPM) systems can revolutionize senior care. Medical diagnosis will improve and remote patient monitoring will become simpler thanks to artificial intelligence. The resistance of many patients and doctors to using the telemedicine idea for medical visits will probably be overcome by AI automation. | Remote Patient Monitoring: A Computational Perspective in Healthcare

Innovation and Sustainability in Governments and Companies: A Perspective to the New Realities

Innovation and sustainability are issues that have become very relevant in recent years. This book presents a compilation of investigations on these topics divided into those applied in government or enterprises. The objective is to demonstrate to the audience how these issues have been worked around the world and in different scenarios. Among the papers there are works related to economic variables imports exports and analysis in different sectors such as tourism agriculture education and even in countries in general. | Innovation and Sustainability in Governments and Companies: A Perspective to the New Realities

Computational and Analytic Methods in Biological Sciences Bioinformatics with Machine Learning and Mathematical Modelling

Despite major advances in healthcare over the past century the successful treatment of cancer has remained a significant challenge and cancers are the second leading cause of death worldwide behind cardiovascular disease. Early detection and survival are important issues to control cancer. The development of quantitative methods and computer technology has facilitated the formation of new models in medical and biological sciences. The application of mathematical modelling in solving many real-world problems in medicine and biology has yielded fruitful results. In spite of advancements in instrumentations technology and biomedical equipment it is not always possible to perform experiments in medicine and biology for various reasons. Thus mathematical modelling and simulation are viewed as viable alternatives in such situations and are discussed in this book. The conventional diagnostic techniques of cancer are not always effective as they rely on the physical and morphological appearance of the tumour. Early stage prediction and diagnosis is very difficult with conventional techniques. It is well known that cancers are involved in genome level changes. As of now the prognosis of various types of cancer depends upon findings related to the data generated through different experiments. Several machine learning techniques exist in analysing the data of expressed genes; however the recent results related with deep learning algorithms are more accurate and accommodative as they are effective in selecting and classifying informative genes. This book explores the probabilistic computational deep learning model for cancer classification and prediction. | Computational and Analytic Methods in Biological Sciences Bioinformatics with Machine Learning and Mathematical Modelling

Manager's Guide to Preventive Building Maintenance

This book is a comprehensive guide for developing an effective preventive maintenance program for any facility. Topics include facility inspection and assessment effective lubrication practices commercial roofing repair indoor air quality management applicable government codes standards and regulations detailed preventive maintenance procedures and maintenance scheduling. Specific maintenance approaches are examined for more than 100 types of equipment and building components. Also discussed are the economic value of preventive maintenance management and motivation of the preventive maintenance team and setting up a computerized maintenance management system (CMMS). | Manager's Guide to Preventive Building Maintenance

Dielectric Materials for Energy Storage and Energy Harvesting Devices

As the demand for energy harvesting and storage devices grows this book will be valuable for researchers to learn about the most current achievements in this sector. Sustainable development systems are centered on three pillars: economic development environmental stewardship and social. One of the ideas established to achieve balance between these pillars is to minimize the usage of nonrenewable energy sources. Harvesting energy from the surrounding environment and converting it into electrical power is one viable solution to this problem. In recent years there has been a surge in the development of new energy generation technologies such as solar wind and thermal energy to replace fossil fuel energy supplies with cleaner renewable ones. Energy harvesting systems have emerged as a key study topic and are rapidly expanding. | Dielectric Materials for Energy Storage and Energy Harvesting Devices

Applications of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence in Smart Energy Systems Volume 2 Energy Planning Operations Control and Market Perspectives

In the era of propelling traditional energy systems to evolve towards smart energy systems including power generation energy storage systems and electricity consumption have become more dynamic. The quality and reliability of power supply are impacted by the sporadic and rising use of electric vehicles and domestic & industrial loads. Similarly with the integration of solid state devices renewable sources and distributed generation power generation processes are evolving in a variety of ways. Several cutting-edge technologies are necessary for the safe and secure operation of power systems in such a dynamic setting including load distribution automation energy regulation and control and energy trading. This book covers the applications of various big data analytics artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies in smart grids for demand prediction decision-making processes policy and energy management. The book delves into the new technologies such as the Internet of Things blockchain etc. for smart home solutions and smart city solutions in depth in the context of the modern power systems. Technical topics discussed in the book include: • Hybrid smart energy system technologies • Energy demand forecasting • Use of different protocols and communication in smart energy systems • Power quality and allied issues and mitigation using AI • Intelligent transportation • Virtual power plants • AI business models. | Applications of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence in Smart Energy Systems Volume 2 Energy Planning Operations Control and Market Perspectives

Green Web-II Standards and Perspectives from the IUCN Program / Policy Development in Environment Conservation Domain - with reference to In

Textbook on Ordinary Differential Equations A Theoretical Approach

Many scientific and real-world problems that occur in science engineering and medicine can be represented in differential equations. There is a vital role for differential equations in studying the behavior of different types of real-world problems. Thus it becomes crucial to know the existence and uniqueness properties of differential equations and various methods of finding differential equation solutions in explicit form. It is also essential to know different kinds of differential equations in terms of eigenvalues termed eigenvalue problems and some special functions used in finding the solution to differential equations. The study of nonlinear problems also plays a significant role in different real-world situations. There is a necessity to know the behavior of solutions of nonlinear differential equations. Still there are very few forms of differential equations whose solution can be found in explicit form. For the differential equations whose solutions cannot be found in explicit form one has to study the properties of solutions of the given differential equation to guess an approximate solution of it. This book aims to introduce all the necessary topics of differential equations in one book so that laymen can easily understand the subject and apply it in their research areas. The novel approach used in this book is the introduction of different analytical methods for finding the solution of differential equations with sufficient theorems corollaries and examples and the geometrical interpretations in each topic. This textbook is intended to study the theory and methods of finding the explicit solutions to differential equations wherever possible and in the absence of finding explicit solutions it is intended to study the properties of solutions to the given differential equations. This book is based on syllabi of the theory of differential equations prescribed for postgraduate students of mathematics and applied mathematics in different institutions and universities of India and abroad. This book will be helpful for competitive examinations as well. | Textbook on Ordinary Differential Equations A Theoretical Approach

An Introduction to Tensor Analysis

The subject of Tensor Analysis deals with the problem of the formulation of the relation between various entities in forms which remain invariant when we pass from one system of coordinates to another. The invariant form of equation is necessarily related to the possible system of coordinates with reference to which the equation remains invariant. The primary purpose of this book is the study of the invariance form of equation relative to the totally of the rectangular co-ordinate system in the three-dimensional Euclidean space. We start with the consideration of the way the sets representing various entities are transformed when we pass from one system of rectangular co-ordinates to another. A Tensor may be a physical entity that can be described as a Tensor only with respect to the manner of its representation by means of multi-sux sets associated with different system of axes such that the sets associated with different system of co-ordinate obey the transformation law for Tensor. We have employed sux notation for tensors of any order we could also employ single letter such A B to denote Tensors. | An Introduction to Tensor Analysis

Electrical Power Systems Technology

Electrical Power Systems Technology Fourth Edition covers a wide range of technologies and systems used in the generation distribution control conversion and measurement of electrical power. This reference book provides a foundational overview presented in a basic easy-to-understand manner. The content is organized in a logical pedagogical style using five basic power system components – Measurement Generation Distribution Control and Conversion. Each of these basic systems is broken down into sub-systems equipment and components that are explored in greater detail in each of the 18 chapters. Simplified mathematical concepts are described with practical applications to assist in fundamental understanding. Abundant illustrations (almost one per page) are used to add visual information to supplement technical knowledge development. The fourth edition has been edited to provide improved information and clarity including many new illustrations. An additional chapter – Chapter 18 – Evolving Power System Technologies and Considerations – has been added to describe issues related to power system operation.

Linear Electronics

A considerable amount of effort has been devoted both in industry and academia towards the design performance analysis and evaluation of amplification schemes and filters to be used in control systems audio/video equipment instrumentation and communication systems. This book is intended to serve as a complementary textbook for courses dealing with Linear Amplification but also as a professional book for engineers who need to update their knowledge in the electronics control and communications areas. The book is suitable for the undergraduate as well as the initial graduate levels of Electrical Engineering courses and is useful for the professional who wants to review or get acquainted with amplification theory. The book presents essential concepts in plain language and covers the most important applications of amplifier circuits. The book has four appendices an appendix to detail the operational amplifier model an appendix with specification data sheets an appendix on Fourier transform and signal spectrum including the concepts of convolution autocorrelation and power spectral density for deterministic signals and a final one that presents and explains the usual electronics acronyms. | Linear Electronics

Smart Antennas Electromagnetic Interference and Microwave Antennas for Wireless Communications

This book covers all areas of smart antennas electromagnetic interference and microwave antennas for wireless communications. Smart antennas or adaptive antennas are multi-antenna components on one or both sides of a radio communication connection combined with advanced signal processing algorithms. They've evolved into a critical technology for third-generation and beyond mobile communication systems to meet their lofty capacity and performance targets. It seems that a significant capacity gain is achievable particularly if they are employed on both sides of the connection. There are several essential characteristics of these systems that need scientific and technical investigation. Included in the book are beamforming massive MIMO network MIMO mmwave transmission compressive sensing MIMO radar sensor networks vehicle-to-vehicle communication location and machine learning.

Elementary Vector Calculus and Its Applications with MATLAB Programming

Sir Isaac Newton one of the greatest scientists and mathematicians of all time introduced the notion of a vector to define the existence of gravitational forces the motion of the planets around the sun and the motion of the moon around the earth. Vector calculus is a fundamental scientific tool that allows us to investigate the origins and evolution of space and time as well as the origins of gravity electromagnetism and nuclear forces. Vector calculus is an essential language of mathematical physics and plays a vital role in differential geometry and studies related to partial differential equations widely used in physics engineering fluid flow electromagnetic fields and other disciplines. Vector calculus represents physical quantities in two or three-dimensional space as well as the variations in these quantities. The machinery of differential geometry of which vector calculus is a subset is used to understand most of the analytic results in a more general form. Many topics in the physical sciences can be mathematically studied using vector calculus techniques. This book is designed under the assumption that the readers have no prior knowledge of vector calculus. It begins with an introduction to vectors and scalars and also covers scalar and vector products vector differentiation and integrals Gauss's theorem Stokes's theorem and Green's theorem. The MATLAB programming is given in the last chapter. This book includes many illustrations solved examples practice examples and multiple-choice questions. | Elementary Vector Calculus and Its Applications with MATLAB Programming

ICML 55.0 – Optimized Lubrication of Mechanical Physical Assets Overview

ICML 55. 0 is part of a series of standards documents that represent the ICML 55® International Lubrication Standard. It is designed to provide an overview of a lubrication management system and processes applicable to the effective management of physical assets related to lubrication its principles and terminology. ICML 55. 0 is intended for use in association with ICML 55. 1 Requirements for the Optimized Lubrication of Mechanical Physical Assets ICML 55. 2 Guideline for the Optimized Lubrication of Mechanical Physical Assets and ICML 55. 3 Auditors’ Standard Practice and Policies Manual. | ICML 55. 0 – Optimized Lubrication of Mechanical Physical Assets Overview

Security Architecture – How & Why

Security Architecture or Enterprise Information security architecture as it was originally coined by Gartner back in 2006 has been applied to many things and different areas making a concrete definition of security architecture a difficult proposition. But having an architecture for the cyber security needs of an organization is important for many reasons not least because having an architecture makes working with cyber security a much easier job since we can now build on a hopefully solid foundation. Developing a security architecture is a daunting job for almost anyone and in a company that has not had a cyber security program implemented before the job becomes even harder. The benefits of having a concrete cyber security architecture in place cannot be overstated! The challenge here is that a security architecture is not something that can stand alone it absolutely must be aligned with the business in which it is being implemented. This book emphasizes the importance and the benefits of having a security architecture in place. The book will be aligned with most of the sub-frameworks in the general framework called SABSA or Sherwood Applied Business Security Architecture. SABSA is comprised of several individual frameworks and there are several certifications that you can take in SABSA. Aside from getting a validation of your skills SABSA as a framework focuses on aligning the Security Architecture with the business and its strategy. Each of the chapters in this book will be aligned with one or more of the components in SABSA the components will be described along with the introduction to each of the chapters. | Security Architecture – How & Why

A Multidisciplinary Introduction to Desalination

Although more than 70% of the globe is covered with water only a small portion is suitable for direct human use making the scarcity of freshwater one of our plant's most serious challenges. In this context desalination defined as the removal of salt from water is one of the possible solutions for overcoming our planet's municipal and industrial thirst. By drawing upon the authoritative expertise of a remarkable team of international authors this book aims to provide an encompassing and multidisciplinary introduction to various aspects of desalination. The forte of this publication is that it does not overtly focus on a particular sub-topic of desalination but rather addresses the topic as a whole. In other words the unique assortment of reader-friendly chapters is designed to strike a delicate balance between the technical and non-technical. The book is divided into five general sections:The first section presents an overview of water scarcity followed by a review of integrated water management and the alternatives to desalination. The fundamentals of desalination are provided including simple water chemistry;The second section covers the conventional technologies of today including thermal and membrane desalination processes. The topics of pre- and post- treatment are given due credit as no desalination plant can operate without them;The third section reviews the history of how desalination technologies originated including a review of today's R&D activities and cutting edge research. The processes and engineering applied for membrane manufacturing are also presented;Section four is concerned with energy and environmental issues including the application of renewable and nuclear energy minimization of energy usage and the water-energy-nexus brine management and environmental impacts;Finally section five covers the social and commercial issues ranging from rural desalination to the politics of desalination. Desalination costs and feasibility are presented as well as issues in business development and the future market prospects. Effectively A Multidisciplinary Introduction to Desalination aims to be a holistic go-to-compendium for anyone seeking a balanced understanding of the various facets of desalination