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Tool Use and Causal Cognition - - Bog - Oxford University Press - Plusbog.dk

Tool Use and Causal Cognition - - Bog - Oxford University Press - Plusbog.dk

What cognitive abilities underpin the use of tools, and how are tools and their properties represented or understood by tool-users? Does the study of tool use provide us with a unique or distinctive source of information about the causal cognition of tool-users? Tool use is a topic of major interest to all those interested in animal cognition, because it implies that the animal has knowledge of the relationship between objects and their effects. There are countless examples of animals developing tools to achieve some goal-chimps sharpening sticks to use as spears, bonobos using sticks to fish for termites, and New Caledonian crows developing complex tools to extracts insects from logs. Studies of tool use have been used to examine an exceptionally wide range of aspects of cognition, such as planning, problem-solving and insight, naive physics, social relationship between action and perception. A key debate in recent research on animal cognition concerns the level of cognitive sophistication that is implied by animal tool use, and developmental psychologists have been addressing related questions regarding the processes through which children acquire the ability to use tools. In neuropsychology, patterns of impairments in tool use due to brain damage, and studies of neural changes associated with tool use, have also led to debates about the different types of cognitive abilities that might underpin tool use, and about how tool use may change the way space or the body is represented. Tool Use and Causal Cognition provides a new interdisciplinary perspective on these issues with contributions from leading psychologists studying tool use and philosophers providing new analyses of the nature of causal understandingA ground-breaking volume which covers several disciplines, this volume will be of interest to psychologists, including animal researchers and developmental psychologists as well as philosophers, and neuroscientists.

DKK 816.00
3

The Brain as a Tool - Ray W. (honorary Emeritus Research Fellow Guillery - Bog - Oxford University Press - Plusbog.dk

The Brain as a Tool - Ray W. (honorary Emeritus Research Fellow Guillery - Bog - Oxford University Press - Plusbog.dk

There are two distinct views about the functions of our brains and their origins. The standard view, taught in most neuroscience texts, has incoming messages about the world sent to the cerebral cortex, with the cortex then producing an appropriate motor output. The interactive view, largely expressed by philosophers and psychologists, stresses the continuous sensorimotor interactions of the brain with the world. The Brain as a Tool focuses on thalamo-cortical interactions on the basis of the interactive view, exploring the phylogenetically new transthalamic corticocortical pathways of mammals that link a hierarchy of cortical areas to each other and back to the phylogenetically older motor centres for control of action. The book demonstrates how messages in these pathways produce an anticipation of our own actions and perceptions. In relating neural events to conscious processing and our sense of self , Guillery summarizes important evidence which links neuroscience with psychology and philosophy.This book is essential reading for neuroscientists, cognitive psychologists and philosophers. Supplemented with a helpful glossary of neural terms and numerous illustrations of the brain, it is also an important resource for graduate and postdoctoral students interested in the neural bases of a sense of self and of cognitive functions.

DKK 707.00
3

The Apple Cart, Too True to Be Good, On the Rocks, and The Millionairess - George Bernard Shaw - Bog - Oxford University Press - Plusbog.dk

The Apple Cart, Too True to Be Good, On the Rocks, and The Millionairess - George Bernard Shaw - Bog - Oxford University Press - Plusbog.dk

The four dramas in this volume are some of George Bernard Shaw''s most interesting plays. They stretch from 1929 to 1935 and coincide with the Great Depression, the intensification of the crisis of democracy that began after the war, and the rise of totalitarianism, all of which find expression in these plays. They also signal the beginning of an important new phase in Shaw''s writing, one marked especially by the development of two new Shaw genres: the political extravaganza and the political allegory. The Apple Cart (1929) marked Shaw''s return to playwriting after the long hiatus that followed Saint Joan (1923). The Apple Cart is perhaps the most pointed critique of parliamentary democracy in the entire Shavian canon. Too True to Be Good (1931) is another ''political extravaganza'', with the opening stage direction -- ''The patient is sleeping heavily. Near her, in the easy chair, sits a Monster'' ---signaling that Shaw is advancing further into uncharted dramaturgical territory. He began writing shortly before his trip to the Soviet Union and finished the play and wrote the preface after his return. In the preface Shaw asserts that the USSR is a new Catholic church. The dark mood continues in Shaw''s next play, On the Rocks (1933) which Shaw subtitled, ''a political comedy''. It is reminiscent of The Apple Cart in that it is sharply focused on British politics and set in the Cabinet Room at 10 Downing Street during the economic depression of the 1930s.Shaw started writing The Millionairess in 1934 and finished it in 1935. On the surface, it is a simple comedy, and if not for the preface we might acquiesce to Shaw''s assessment that the play ''oes not pretend to be anything more than a comedy of humorous and curious contemporary characters such as Ben Jonson might write''. Yet the preface appended to the play is entirely about leadership and declaims at great length on Mussolini and Hitler.

DKK 127.00
1

Environmental Assessment as a Tool for Climate Change Mitigation - Benoit Mayer - Bog - Oxford University Press - Plusbog.dk

Environmental Assessment as a Tool for Climate Change Mitigation - Benoit Mayer - Bog - Oxford University Press - Plusbog.dk

Most governments have established procedures to appraise the environmental impacts of proposed activities. The focus of these environmental assessment procedures has long been on local environmental issues, such as air, water, and land pollution, which have a direct and concrete effect on communities. In recent years, however, these procedures have increasingly been used to consider how activities could result in the emission of greenhouse gases and exacerbate climate change.Environmental Assessment as a Tool for Climate Change Mitigation builds on a broad survey of over one hundred national environmental assessment practices - legislation, guiding documents, cases, and administrative practice - to reflect on the main conceptual and practical issues facing climate assessment. By presenting and discussing jurisdictional developments and national debates in a global comparative perspective, this book aims to enrich our collective understanding of the modalities of and, ultimately, the mitigation opportunities arising from, the use of climate assessment in relation to proposed activities. The author concludes this timely and forward-looking volume by identifying good practices that lawmakers, regulators, national agencies, judges, and lawyers should consider when developing and applying the law on climate assessment.

DKK 1113.00
1

Revealing the Inner Worlds of Young Children - Robert N. Emde - Bog - Oxford University Press - Plusbog.dk

Revealing the Inner Worlds of Young Children - Robert N. Emde - Bog - Oxford University Press - Plusbog.dk

Typically, we make sense of our experiences and interactions in a way that is guided by emotion and that takes the form of a narrative or a story. Using narratives, we can tell others about our experience, share common meanings, imagine possibilities, and co-construct new meanings. It is thus a momentous development when, at around age three, a child acquires the capacity to construct narratives. The book reports the work of a 20-year collaboration between 36 psychologists who have created and investigated a new tool to elicit and analyze children''s narratives. This tool is the MacArthur Story Stem Battery, a systematic collection of story beginnings that are referred to as ''stems.'' These stems are designed to elicit information from children about their representational worlds. This method is particularly exciting because using it allows developmental psychologists to gain information directly from children about their emotional states and what they are able to understand, and in turn, to use this information to explore significant emotional differences among children.

DKK 1018.00
3

Lectures on Light - Stephen C. Rand - Bog - Oxford University Press - Plusbog.dk

Lectures on Light - Stephen C. Rand - Bog - Oxford University Press - Plusbog.dk

This book attempts to bridge in one step the enormous gap between introductory quantum mechanics and the research front of modern optics and scientific fields that make use of light. Hence, while it is suitable as a reference for the specialist in quantum optics, it will also be useful to the non-specialists from other disciplines who need to understand light and its uses in research. With a unique approach it introduces a single analytic tool, namely the density matrix, to analyze complex optical phenomena encountered in traditional as well as cross-disciplinary research. It moves swiftly in a tight sequence from elementary to sophisticated topics in quantum optics, including laser tweezers, laser cooling, coherent population transfer, optical magnetism, electromagnetically induced transparency, squeezed light, quantum information science and cavity quantum electrodynamics. A systematic approach is used that starts with the simplest systems - stationary two-level atoms - then introduces atomic motion, adds more energy levels, and moves on to discuss first-, second-, and third-order coherence effects that are the basis for analyzing new optical phenomena in incompletely characterized systems.Unconventional examples and original problems are used to engage even seasoned researchers in exploring a mathematical methodology with which they can tackle virtually any new problem involving light. An extensive bibliography makes connections with mathematical techniques and subject areas which can extend the benefit readers gain from each section.This revised edition includes over 40 new problems (for a total of 110 original problems with an instructor''s solution manual), as well as completely new sections on quantum interference, Fano resonance, optical magnetism, quantum computation, laser cooling of solids, and irreducible representation of magnetic interactions. Literature references to current ultrafast science, nonlinear optics, x-ray and high-field physics topics have doubled at the end of chapters 5, 6, and 7; the subject index has also been significantly expanded.

DKK 415.00
3

Lectures on Light - Stephen C. (director For Dynamic Magneto Optics Rand - Bog - Oxford University Press - Plusbog.dk

Lectures on Light - Stephen C. (director For Dynamic Magneto Optics Rand - Bog - Oxford University Press - Plusbog.dk

This book attempts to bridge in one step the enormous gap between introductory quantum mechanics and the research front of modern optics and scientific fields that make use of light. Hence, while it is suitable as a reference for the specialist in quantum optics, it will also be useful to the non-specialists from other disciplines who need to understand light and its uses in research. With a unique approach it introduces a single analytic tool, namely the density matrix, to analyze complex optical phenomena encountered in traditional as well as cross-disciplinary research. It moves swiftly in a tight sequence from elementary to sophisticated topics in quantum optics, including laser tweezers, laser cooling, coherent population transfer, optical magnetism, electromagnetically induced transparency, squeezed light, quantum information science and cavity quantum electrodynamics. A systematic approach is used that starts with the simplest systems - stationary two-level atoms - then introduces atomic motion, adds more energy levels, and moves on to discuss first-, second-, and third-order coherence effects that are the basis for analyzing new optical phenomena in incompletely characterized systems.Unconventional examples and original problems are used to engage even seasoned researchers in exploring a mathematical methodology with which they can tackle virtually any new problem involving light. An extensive bibliography makes connections with mathematical techniques and subject areas which can extend the benefit readers gain from each section.This revised edition includes over 40 new problems (for a total of 110 original problems with an instructor''s solution manual), as well as completely new sections on quantum interference, Fano resonance, optical magnetism, quantum computation, laser cooling of solids, and irreducible representation of magnetic interactions. Literature references to current ultrafast science, nonlinear optics, x-ray and high-field physics topics have doubled at the end of chapters 5, 6, and 7; the subject index has also been significantly expanded.

DKK 703.00
3