Pricemate

Natural Gas Markets in the Middle East and North Africa - - Bog - Oxford University Press - Booktok.dk

The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) as a region accounts for around 40% of the world''s proven gas reserves, yet only 10% of global supplies of gas are covered by MENA gas production. The potential for future expansion of the gas market in the both on the supply and demand side is significant since gas in many MENA states has become a cheap source of fuel for domestic industrialisation, a source of revenue for transit states, and a highly valued export commodity to multiple destinations in Asia and Europe. 50% of the world''s liquefaction facilities under construction or planned for expansion will take place in MENA, which is likely to consolidate the region''s role in the LNG market, allowing MENA producers to play the role of swing producers taking advantage of their location to supply both Atlantic and Pacific markets.This book, the first of its kind, will provide an in-depth study of the MENA states'' individual gas markets, addressing the following questions: What are the policies of MENA governments regarding the development of their gas reserves? What are the main drivers of these policies? Will developments in the gas sector affect the ability of MENA governments to achieve the ultimate goal of economic diversification through developing energy intensive industries? Is the policy of promoting energy intensive industries viable in the long term? What role do foreign companies play in the development of domestic gas markets, export pipelines, and LNG export projects? Can current levels of domestic gas prices be maintained in an environment of rapid increases in gas demand and rising development costs?

DKK 689.00

4

European Natural Gas Demand, Supply, and Pricing - Anouk Honore - Bog - Oxford University Press - Booktok.dk

Natural gas is expected to be the fastest growing fuel consumed in Western Europe in the coming decades. This book provides in depth analyses of the actual natural gas markets in Europe and by 2020. Using a bottom-up methodology, the study gives scenarios for gas demand for the power sector -which is seen as the main driver for gas demand rise- and for the non-power sectors. The book gives detailed information on the future supplies by pipelines and by LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas). Matching the demand and supplies projections, the book gives some annual and seasonal scenarios and establishes potential market cycles by 2020: periods when gas supply/demand gap could be tight or, on the contrary, periods when gas bubbles are possible. The study look into detail at the nine major gas markets in Europe, which represented about 90 percent of total gas consumption in 2005: UK, Germany, Italy, France, Netherlands, Spain, Belgium, Hungary and Poland. One of the most important aspects of the future gas market is the significant development in competition for securing new supplies and the resulting growth in inter-regional trade. It is in this environment that Europe finds itself competing to attract the necessary new gas supplies, especially during the winter when gas demand peaks. The study asks key questions regarding the future of natural gas in Europe, such as security of supply, the impacts of LNG in the markets, the relationship between spot gas prices and oil-indexed prices, etc. This research provides essential information and analyses for anyone working in the natural gas business, from private or public gas companies to academics.

DKK 814.00

2

Natural Gas in Asia - David Ledesma - Bog - Oxford University Press - Plusbog.dk

The next decade will be crucial for Asian gas markets and determine whether natural gas will become a major fuel in the key energy markets of China, India, Japan and Korea, or will remain a "promising" but peripheral energy source. Natural Gas in Asia is a new edition of a 2002 study on the future of natural gas in the major energy markets of Asia. The 2nd edition has been substantially rewritten and completely updated, and contains two new chapters on South East Asia, Australia, and the Middle East. The future energy needs and environmental problems of China, India and the rest of Asia are considerable. A major question is whether gas supplies can and will respond to expanding demand for the cleanest fossil fuel? Large scale projects will need to be implemented in Russia, the Central Asian Republics and the Middle East to bring required supplies to Asian markets in the years to 2020. This book assesses the economic opportunities, political obstacles and other challenges - both domestic and international - to these projects. In order to succeed, pipeline infrastructure will need to be built over long distances to bring gas to these markets, as well as significant numbers of new LNG terminals. The volume discusses the major current and potential gas markets in Asia: China, India, Japan and Korea, as well as the potential supply of pipeline gas and LNG to Asia from: Russia, Central Asia, South East Asia, Australia and Middle Eastern countries. An important aspect of the next two decades will be the extent to which the region can develop pipeline gas sources to supplement existing large scale LNG imports. The volume also looks at the substantial gas markets emerging in China and India which are at the early stage of introducing large scale natural gas use in cities. These markets face the commercial challenge of developing gas-fired power generation at a cost which may be greater than generation based on domestically produced coal. However, considerations of local air quality and global emissions may give extra value to gas fired generation, as has happened elsewhere in the world.

DKK 841.00

2

Oil and Gas in Africa - The African Development Bank - Bog - Oxford University Press - Plusbog.dk

The book, a joint work of the African Development Bank and the African Union, presents a comprehensive analysis of the oil and gas resources in Africa. It uniquely highlights, through country examples, and with an African focus but a global perspective, the specific challenges and constraints facing the continent as a whole in the exploitation and utilization of its oil and gas resources. It partly draws on a model that simulates the impact of high oil prices on African economies, a model that was developed by the Research Department of the Bank in a separate study. The roles of AfDB and AU are analyzed, considering their differing, but complementary, mandates geared towards the development of the continent. Finally, the book includes recommendations on the future directions and actions for maximizing benefits of Africa''s oil and gas resources.

DKK 1113.00

3

Gas Prices in the UK - Philip Wright - Bog - Oxford University Press - Plusbog.dk

Set in the context of the dramatic increases in the price of gas which UK gas consumers have had to endure since 2003, this book explores how it is that UK gas industry liberalisation, which once promised ever lower prices, is now being undercut by the much less liberal continental European marketplace. To do so it uses a wealth of data to build up an analytical picture of the UK gas industry, segment by segment, from well-head to burner-tip. In so doing the respective roles played in gas price formation by the wholesale cost of gas, its transportation costs and the cost of supply by marketing companies are revealed for both industrial and domestic consumers. The central contention is that the replacement of administered arrangements by market relationships and competition have made UK gas prices far more sensitive to insecurities of supply, both small-scale and large-scale strategic. In consequence, companies operating along the gas chain have had to take up defensive positions to manage these new risks, relying particularly on either upstream production or captive domestic consumers to shield them. Nor is it the case that more competition, with more switching by consumers, can provide a remedy. Instead, the UK government will have to consider re-introducing price control regulation for domestic consumers while also requiring upstream companies to protect consumers from volatility by holding more gas in storage. As well as providing new insights into causes of relatively high gas prices in the UK, the book also provides a long-overdue source of reference about the UK gas industry: about its infrastructure, companies, marketplaces, contracts and regulation.

DKK 955.00

2

Iran's Natural Gas Industry in the Post-Revolutionary Period - Elham Hassanzadeh - Bog - Oxford University Press - Booktok.dk

This book critically examines exports of Iranian natural gas to regional and international markets. Owning the world''s largest proven natural gas reserves, Iran can potentially be considered a major gas exporter. Yet, stringent international sanctions, coupled with domestic politicisation of the industry and lack of an ''attractive'' investment framework, have made Iran unable to capitalise its huge natural gas potential both in domestic and international markets. In this book, a multidisciplinary approach is adopted to examine the main challenges hampering Iran''s ability to become a major gas exporter. These challenges range from political and legal to economic and fiscal.The issue of supplying gas to domestic or export markets in the light of the country''s current limited production capacity has turned into a major political debate between the Parliament and the Government resulting in failure to fully meet its supply commitments to either market. Inability to produce adequate volumes of gas and its ''ambitious'' gas expansion policies both in domestic and international markets, has forced the country to import gas from Turkmenistan. The unexpected title of ''a net gas importer'' for a country with the largest gas reserves in the world has raised many questions over the country''s ability to substantially contribute to the growing global gas market. In this book, attempts are also made to highlight the social and economic benefits of allocating gas to domestic and export markets.This book suggests that given the country''s huge domestic market, industrialisation targets, young population, and the necessity for job creation, as well as country''s dependence on gas re-injection into oilfields to maintain the oil production, Iran may not want to be ''the next Qatar'' in terms of exports. Available data suggest that gas export is not the most beneficial economic outcome for Iranian gas; and for all of the foregoing reasons, and even if sanctions are removed, it would take Iran 15-20 years to develop such a major export capability. This book offers recommendations to policy makers to conduct comprehensive economic analyses over costs and benefits of allocating gas to domestic and export markets, while giving due consideration to the pressing issue of ''welfare maximisation'' and distributional impact of consuming gas domestically.

DKK 658.00

2

Sino-Russian Oil and Gas Cooperation - Keun Wook Paik - Bog - Oxford University Press - Booktok.dk

This book analyses the evolution of Sino-Russian oil and gas cooperation during the 1990s and 2000s. It describes how China has become a large importer of Russian oil, but not of its gas, and gives an explanation as to why this curious contrast has developed. The author argues that, given the two countries'' energy endowments and needs, it has been almost inevitable that there should be a considerable amount of Sino-Russian oil and gas cooperation, but concludes that the imperatives of oil cooperation were much more powerful than those relating to gas. The book examines the progress of oil and gas exploration and development in East Siberia and Russia''s Far East, and estimates the amount of oil and gas that Russia could export from these regions to China and Northeast Asian countries. It also provides a parallel analysis of China''s potential to be a large scale importer of oil and gas and presents a detailed account of its dealings with the Central Asian Republics. This in-depth evaluation reveals the differences in the characteristics of the oil and gas sectors that have led to such contrasting outcomes. The final part of the book predicts the likely evolution of Sino-Russian oil and gas cooperation and the national, regional, and global consequences.

DKK 741.00

2

Russian and CIS Gas Markets and Their Impact on Europe - - Bog - Oxford University Press - Booktok.dk

This will be the first book to present an overview of the gas industry, and gas markets, across the CIS, which - despite their significance for global markets generally and Europe in particular - have been paid relatively little attention. Russia''s clashes in 2006-07 with Ukraine and Belarus, which resulted in gas exports to Europe being interrupted, alerted a European and international audience to the need to understand the background to such disputes. The changes following the death of president Niyazov in Turkmenistan, the second largest CIS producer after Russia, has fuelled discussions about the growing importance of China as a consumer of CIS gas and of a "fourth corridor" to Europe avoiding Russia.All these things have heightened interest in the CIS not only as a significant producer and exporter of natural gas, but also a major consumer in its own right. In this book, experts with first-hand knowledge of the gas sector in the CIS provide an overview to the political economy of its markets during the 2000s, and discuss its prospects up to 2015.There are ten country chapters, on Russia, Ukraine, Moldova, Belarus, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. These cover production, decision-making and regulation, and consumption and domestic market reform. Trading relations both between the CIS countries themselves and with other markets, particularly those in Europe, are discussed, and a chapter on trade and transit discusses prices, export routes and transit costs, and infrastructure.

DKK 887.00

4

Natural Gas in India - Liberalisation and Policy - Bog af Anil K. Jain - Hardback

India's gas sector is changing due to the development of domestic supply, the transition of the Indian economy, and global developments such as the increasing availability of LNG and new policy agendas on climate change. This book examines supply and demand, policy and pricing, and the future role of gas within the energy sector as India develops

DKK 1137.95

2

Molecular Gas Dynamics and the Direct Simulation of Gas Flows - Bog af G. A. (Managing Director Bird - Hardback

The direct simulation Monte Carlo (or DSMC) method has become widely used for engineering and scientific studies of gas flows that involve low densities or very small physical dimensions. This book is developed from first principles and has been extended to cover the new models and procedures.

DKK 3353.95

2

Introduction to Reactive Gas Dynamics - Raymond Brun - Bog - Oxford University Press - Plusbog.dk

In high energy gas flows, at high velocities and high temperatures, physical and chemical processes such as molecular vibrational excitation, dissociation, ionisation or various reactions take place and deeply influence the structure of the flows. The characteristic times of these processes have the same order of magnitude as aerodynamic characteristic times, so that these reactive media are generally in thermodynamic and chemical non-equilibrium. This book presents a general introductory study of these media. In the first part their fundamental statistical aspects are described, starting from their discrete structure and taking into account the interactions between elementary particles: transport phenomena, relaxation and kinetics as well as their coupling are analysed and illustrated by many examples. The second part deals with the macroscopic re-entry bodies. Finally, the experimental aspects of these flows, their simulations in shock tubes and shock tunnels are described, as well as their application, particularly in the aerospatial domain.This book is intended for students that have acquired a basic knowledge in thermodynamics, statistical physics and fluid mechanics. It will also be of interest to engineers in research and industry, in particular in the aerospace industry, and more generally to all researchers trying to simulate and calculate complex reactive flows.

DKK 885.00

3

The Future of Russian Gas and Gazprom - Jonathan Stern - Bog - Oxford University Press - Plusbog.dk

The Russian gas industry provides 50% of Russian domestic energy supplies, a substantial proportion of CIS gas supplies, and around 20% of European gas demand. Declines in production at existing fields mean that Gazprom will face increasingly difficult decisions about moving to higher cost fields on the Yamal Peninsula. The alternative will be increasing imports from Central Asian countries and allowing other Russian gas producers to increase their role in the industry. Russian exports to Europe will gradually increase and deliveries of Russian LNG will commence to Asia and the both coasts of North America. Pipeline gas deliveries to East Asian countries may have a longer time horizon. Export projects aimed at new markets will depend crucially on the maintenance of (oil and) gas prices at the levels of 2003-05. European exports will also depend on the pace of EU market liberalisation and Gazprom''s ability to agree mutually acceptable terms for transit, principally with Ukraine and Belarus.Reform, liberalisation and restructuring of the Russian gas industry have been more substantial than has generally been recognised. Most important has been price reform which, in 2005, allowed Russian industrial customers to become profitable to serve at regulated prices. Price increases may significantly reduce future increases in domestic gas demand. The increasing need for production from companies other than Gazprom will ensure that liberalised access to networks expands considerably over the next decade. In the 2000s, Gazprom reclaimed its CIS gas business from intermediaries, while maintaining its de facto monopoly of exports to Europe and establishing a similar degree of authority over future exports to Asia. The merger of Gazprom and Rosneft will provide the potential to become a force in the domestic and international oil markets, particularly given the authority that the president has conferred on the company in terms of Russian energy policy.

DKK 732.00

2

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