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Heavy Metal Pollution & its Phytoremediation Through Wetland Plants - Prabhat Kumar Rai - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Heavy Metal Pollution & its Phytoremediation Through Wetland Plants - Prabhat Kumar Rai - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Industrialisation and urbanisation have led to the rapid deterioration in the water quality of rivers, lakes and reservoirs. Heavy metal pollution in aquatic ecosystems has become the most important point for discussion in recent years. The problem of heavy metal pollution is emerging as a matter of concern at local, regional and also at global scales. Heavy metal pollution in aquatic ecosystems pose serious threats to aquatic biodiversity, and drinking of contaminated water pose severe health hazards in humans. Therefore, the focus of attention has been shifted from mere monitoring of environmental conditions to the development of alternative means to solve the environmental problems at local and global levels. This new book discusses how economic aspects and side effects of conventional treatment technologies in aquatic ecosystems paved way to phytoremediation technology.

DKK 890.00
1

Control Methods for Unwanted Anurans - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Control Methods for Unwanted Anurans - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Anurans (frogs and toads) worldwide are threatened by habitat loss, emerging infectious diseases, overexploitation, pollution, climatic change and introduction of exotic species. As a result of human activities, some anurans have actually increased their distribution and are now doing extremely well in places far outside of their natural range. But these anurans are often unwanted in the introduced range because they may disturb recipient ecosystems and pose a threat to indigenous fauna, including native amphibians. This book reviews anuran biology and discusses some life history traits that may be suitable for targeted control measures.

DKK 534.00
1

Young Adults with Serious Mental Illness - David O Sullivan - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Young Adults with Serious Mental Illness - David O Sullivan - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

The transition to adulthood can be difficult for young adults who suffer from a serious mental illness, such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. When these individuals are unsuccessful, the result can be economic hardship, social isolation, and in some cases suicide, all of which can pose substantial costs to society. Due to concerns about young adults with serious mental illness transitioning into adulthood, this book provides information on (1) the number of these young adults and their demographic characteristics, (2) the challenges they face, (3) how selected states assist them, and (4) how the federal government supports states in serving these young adults and co-ordinates programs that can assist them.

DKK 534.00
1

Chemical Regulation in the EU - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Chemical Regulation in the EU - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Chemicals play an important role in everyday life. However, some chemicals are highly toxic and need to be regulated. In 1976, Congress passed the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) to authorise the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to control chemicals that pose an unreasonable risk to human health or the environment, but some have questioned whether TSCA provides EPA with enough tools to protect against chemical risks. Like the United States, the European Union (EU) has laws governing the production and use of chemicals. The EU has recently revised its chemical control policy through legislation known as Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals (REACH) in order to better identify and mitigate risks from chemicals.

DKK 633.00
1

Vaccine Issues - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Vaccine Issues - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

The days when vaccines were something one received during childhood and just maybe again if visiting an undeveloped country are over. Terrorism and its accompanying threats have brought us anthrax vaccines and smallpox vaccines so far. New and dangerous public health threats are posed by West Nile Virus, SARS and AIDS not to mention exotic new types of flu viruses blowing in every year. These threats pose nontrivial threats to a weak public health system in America. Who for example, is to receive the vaccines if the supplies are limited or expensive: the rich, the military, the elderly, government workers, children? This volume brings together diverse studies of a new set of problems in America.

DKK 405.00
1

National Security Strategy of the United States of America - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

National Security Strategy of the United States of America - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

The new US security strategy released by the White House in September 2002, is a remarkable document which requires more analysis than that received in the main media, perhaps partially because of the massive attention given to the Beltway sniper(s). The new strategy would justify pre-emptive strikes for the first time against any countries which the current or future US leadership believe might pose a threat in the future such as China or resurgent Russia or any other country or a group of countries. This bold assertion is justified by the threat of even more miniature weapons of mass destruction coupled with the hatred of America. This important document and the accompanying commentary provide essential and thought provoking reading.

DKK 287.00
1

Transportation Safety Risks - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Transportation Safety Risks - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Vehicles carrying objects that are not properly secured pose a safety risk on our nation''s roadways. Debris that falls from a vehicle can collide with other vehicles or pedestrians, causing serious injuries or fatalities. According to data collected by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), there were about 440 fatalities caused by roadway debris in 2010. However, the exact number of incidents resulting from vehicles carrying unsecured loads is unknown. This book examines NHTSA''s data collection efforts as well as states'' laws related to unsecured loads. It also discusses the extent that Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration''s (PHMSA) data reliably identify wetline safety risks; options for addressing wetline safety risks, and how well PHMSA has assessed the costs and benefits of addressing these risks through regulation.

DKK 890.00
1

Asset Management Firms, Financial Stability & the FSOC - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Asset Management Firms, Financial Stability & the FSOC - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Asset managers provide investment management services and ancillary services to clients as fiduciary agents. The diversity of clients'' needs results in a wide variety of firm structures and business models, ranging from investment boutiques that focus on a single product or clientele to large, complex financial institutions that offer multiple services. This book provides a brief overview of the asset management industry and an analysis of how asset management firms and the activities in which they engage can introduce vulnerabilities that could pose, amplify, or transmit threats to financial stability. It also describes the mission, membership, and scope of the Financial Stability Oversight Council (FSOC), which was created as part of a comprehensive reform of banking and securities market regulators. It provides an analysis of several major policy issues related to the FSOC that may come before the 113th Congress.

DKK 890.00
1

Psychological Perspectives on Empowerment - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Psychological Perspectives on Empowerment - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Psychological Perspectives on Empowerment opens with a discussion aiming to show how open source software communities indeed nurture empowerment in several senses. However, the authors also show that open source software communities pose several challenges to empowerment. As an example, numerous usability interventions in open source software development are analyzed, in which usability practitioners have offered their expertise. Next, this compilation assesses the extent to which empowerment, role stress, social support and perceived satisfaction of work differ with the implementation of an accreditation program. The relationships between the use of the internet for health purposes and patient empowerment are analyzed using e-health literacy as a mediator variable, providing relevant implications for health organizations. Lastly, the discourses of love and rape in relation to the female body are explored in the context of in The Salesman, an Oscar-winning Iranian film by Iranian filmmaker Asghar Farhadi.

DKK 757.00
1

Sustainability of State & Local Government Pension Plans - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Sustainability of State & Local Government Pension Plans - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Over 27 million employees and beneficiaries are covered by state and local government pension plans. However, the recent economic downturn and associated budget challenges confronting state and local governments pose some questions as to the sustainability of these plans, and what changes, if any, state and local governments are making to strengthen the financial condition of their pension plans. The Government Accountability Office (GAO) was asked to examine recent trends in the financial condition of state and local government pension plans; and strategies state and local governments are using to manage pension costs and the impacts of these strategies on plans, sponsors, employees, and retirees. This book analyses sector-wide financial conditions based on national-level data on pension funding from the U.S. Census Bureau and others, and reviews information on recent state legislative changes affecting government pensions from annual reports prepared by the National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL).

DKK 722.00
1

Food Fraud & Adulterated Ingredients - Darrell T Braden - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Food Fraud & Adulterated Ingredients - Darrell T Braden - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Food fraud, or the act of defrauding buyers of food or ingredients for economic gain -- whether they be consumers or food manufacturers, retailers, and importers -- has vexed the food industry throughout history. Some of the earliest reported cases of food fraud, dating back thousands of years, involved olive oil, tea, wine, and spices. These products continue to be associated with fraud, along with some other foods. Although the vast majority of fraud incidents do not pose a public health risk, some cases have resulted in actual or potential public health risks. This book provides an overview of issues pertaining to food fraud and "economically motivated adulteration" or EMA, a category within food fraud. The book also examines the approaches that FDA uses to detect and prevent economic adulteration of food and medical products and the challenges FDA faces in detecting and preventing economic adulteration and views of stakeholders on options for FDA to enhance its efforts to address economic adulteration.

DKK 890.00
1

Nuclear Oversight, Planning & Safety Efforts - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Nuclear Oversight, Planning & Safety Efforts - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

This book examines nuclear oversight, planning and safety efforts at U.S. nuclear power reactors across the United States. The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), an independent federal agency headed by five commissioners, licenses commercial nuclear power reactors and regulates and oversees their safe operation and security. An NRC task force has reviewed the Fukushima Daiichi disaster in Japan and determined that the continued operation of existing U.S. nuclear power reactors and the licensing of new reactors do not pose an imminent risk to public health and safety. The disaster in Japan, caused by a tsunami, was more severe than the plant was designed to withstand, and has raised questions about whether a similar event could happen here. These questions were further highlighted by natural hazards that affected the sites of several U.S. commercial nuclear power plants and their reactors in 2011, including flooding near two power plants in Nebraska, severe storms at a plant in Alabama, and an earthquake at a plant in Virginia.

DKK 1034.00
1

Mail Screening & Handling - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Mail Screening & Handling - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

This book is designed to provide mail centre managers, their supervisors, and an organisation''s security personnel a framework for understanding and mitigating risks posed to the organisation by the mail and packages it receives and delivers on a daily basis. A wide range of potential threats can be introduced into an organisation by way of the mail centre. Threats that involve chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, or explosive substances are both dangerous and disruptive. Some threats, such as white powder hoaxes and threatening letters, are merely designed to disrupt the activities of an organisation or to express dissatisfaction with a particular individual or policy. The mail centre screening and handling processes must be able to identify threats and hoaxes and eliminate or mitigate the risk they pose to the organisation, its employees, and daily operations. This book provides an introduction to and understanding of the most efficient and effective processes and procedures to handle and screen mail entering an organisation''s mail processing facilities.

DKK 890.00
1

Climate & Environmental Protection - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Climate & Environmental Protection - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Many governments acknowledge that environmental degradation and climate change pose international and trans-boundary risks to human populations, economies, and ecosystems that could result in a worsening of poverty, social tensions, and political stability. To confront these global challenges, countries have negotiated various international agreements to protect the environment, reduce pollution, conserve natural resources, and promote sustainable growth. While some observers have called upon developed countries to take the lead in addressing these issues, efforts are unlikely to be sufficient without similar measures being implemented in developing countries. Developing countries, however, focused on poverty reduction and economic growth, may not have the financial resources, technological know-how, or institutional capacity to deploy such measures. Therefore, international support for these areas has remained the principal method for governments to assist developing country action on global environmental problems. This book focuses on international funding for climate and environmental protection through the Climate Investment Funds, the Green Climate Fund, and the Global Environment Facility.

DKK 890.00
1

Global Threat Reduction - Sharon Squassoni - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Global Threat Reduction - Sharon Squassoni - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Non-proliferation assistance programs are a relatively new tool in combating the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. The Co-operative Threat Reduction (CTR) programs, funded by the Department of Defense (DOD), are the most visible of these programs. Begun in 1991, CTR initially aimed to help Russia meet its START obligations to reduce strategic nuclear weapons; 1. Within a decade, however, CTR took on the goal of reducing the threat of terrorist access to weapons of mass destruction (WMD); 2. Experts realised that Russia needed to protect its Cold War overhang of WMD materials, scientists, and equipment from those who might exploit insider opportunities and who had incentives (particularly financial) to sell WMD technology to anyone. Now, however, many analysts support expanding co-operative threat reduction programs beyond Russia to other geographic areas. The Bush Administration itself stated in early 2003, that it had ''expanded the strategic focus of the CTR program'' to support the war on terrorism. This book surveys options for applying CTR programs to states that pose a WMD and terrorism threat.

DKK 687.00
1

Globalizing Cooperative Threat Reduction - Sharon Squassoni - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Globalizing Cooperative Threat Reduction - Sharon Squassoni - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Non-proliferation assistance programs, including co-operative threat reduction, are being examined to help reduce the risk of terrorist access to weapons of mass destruction (WMD). In the FY2004 National Defense Authorisation Act, Congress authorised the Administration to spend $50 million of unobligated funds from the Co-operative Threat Reduction (CTR) Program in states outside the former Soviet Union. This book analyses the range of possibilities for applying CTR funds, what kinds of assistance may be supplied, and describes legal, financial, technical, and political constraints on possible assistance. A key underlying issue is whether countries that pose particular risks are prepared to provide adequate co-operation to achieve CTR objectives. As many observers have noted, CTR programs cannot be precisely replicated in other countries. A common factor must be the willingness of such states to co-operate. One school of thought believes Russia, as the largest source of stocks of biological, chemical, and nuclear weapons, should continue to be the main focus of attention. Other observers believe there is now an opportunity to focus additionally on states within the nexus of terrorism and WMD.

DKK 366.00
1

Police Guide for Responding to People with Mental Illness - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Police Guide for Responding to People with Mental Illness - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

The Problem-Specific Guides series summarise knowledge about how police can reduce the harm caused by specific crime and disorder problems. They are guides to prevention and to improving the overall response to incidents, not to investigating offences or handling specific incidents. Problems associated with people with mental illness pose a significant challenge for modern policing. This book begins by describing the problem and reviewing factors that increase the challenges that police face in relation to the mentally ill. It then identifies a series of questions that might help one analyse local policing problems associated with people with mental illness. Finally, it reviews responses to the problems and what we know about them from evaluative research and police practice. It is important to recognise that mental illness is not, in itself, a police problem. Obviously, it is a medical and social services problem. However, a number of the problems caused by or associated with people with mental illness often do become police problems. This book consists of public documents which have been located, gathered, combined, reformatted, and enhanced with a subject index, selectively edited and bound to provide easy access.

DKK 633.00
1

Internet Gambling - Charles Doyle - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Internet Gambling - Charles Doyle - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

This book presents a review of the federal criminal statutes implicated by conducting illegal gambling using the Internet. It also discusses some of the constitutional and practical difficulties associated with prosecuting illegal Internet gambling and closes with a summary of the proposed Internet Gambling Prohibition Act (S.474). Gambling is primarily a matter of state law, reinforced by federal law in instances where the presence of an interstate or foreign feature might otherwise frustrate the enforcement policies of state law. State officials and others have expressed concern that the Internet may be used to conduct illegal gambling. Illicit Internet gambling implicates six federal criminal statutes. It is a federal crime to (1) conduct an illegal gambling business, 18 USC 1955; (2) use the telephone or telecommunications to conduct an illegal business; (3) use the facilities of interstate commerce to facilitate conducting an illegal gambling operation; (4) commit a related series of these gambling crimes to acquire or operate an interstate commercial enterprise; (5) launder the proceeds from an illegal gambling business or to plow them back into the business; or (6) spend over $10,000 of the proceeds from an illegal gambling operation at any one time or place. Although prosecution of illegal Internet gambling will likely encounter constitutional challenges, practical difficulties imposed by offshore operations, encryption, remailers and the like will probably pose a more substantial obstacle.

DKK 316.00
1

North Korea - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

North Korea - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

North Korea''s increasingly reckless behaviour represents an immediate and growing threat not only on the Korean peninsula but to the entire Asia-Pacific region. This region has enjoyed an unprecedented period of peace and prosperity for several decades and has been transformed into an engine of the global economy. However, North Korea''s repeated provocations, including last year''s July 4th missile launches and the October nuclear test, pose a great threat to the stability required for the region''s continued growth. The impact of a major crisis would be felt far beyond Korea, not only in Tokyo and Hong Kong but in London and New York as well. Concerns have been raised that Kim Jong Il and his regime may conduct a second nuclear test in the near future. This, in turn, could trigger a nuclear arms race in the region, with Japan, South Korea, and perhaps even Taiwan re-evaluating their fundamental security needs. The threat posed by North Korea''s nuclear program has wider, even global, implications. The regime has long been a major proliferator of nuclear and other weapons-of-mass-destruction materials and technology. Its ties to the Dr. A.Q. Khan nuclear black market network have been extensively documented. In addition, Pyongyang has been involved for many years in missile sales to Iran and other rogue states in the Middle East.

DKK 1034.00
1

Safe Nanotechnology - Arthur J Cornwelle - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Safe Nanotechnology - Arthur J Cornwelle - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Nanotechnology has the potential to dramatically improve the effectiveness of a number of existing consumer and industrial products and could have a substantial impact on the development of new applications ranging from disease diagnosis and treatment to environmental remediation. Because of the broad range of possible nanotechnology applications, continued evaluation of the potential health risks associated with exposure to nanomaterials is essential to ensure their safe handling. Nanomaterials are engineered materials having at least one dimension between 1 and 100 nanometers. Nanomaterials often exhibit unique physical and chemical properties that impart specific characteristics essential in making engineered materials, but little is known about what effect these properties may have on human health. Research has shown that the physiochemical characteristics of particles can influence their effects in biological systems. These characteristics include: particle size, shape, surface area, charge, chemical properties, solubility, and degree of agglomeration. Until the results from research studies can fully elucidate the characteristics of nanoparticles that may potentially pose a health risk, precautionary measures are warranted. NIOSH has developed this document to provide an overview of what is known about nanomaterial hazard and measures that can be taken to minimise workplace exposures. NIOSH is seeking comments from occupational safety and health practitioners, researchers, product innovators and manufacturers, employers, workers, interest group members, and the general public so that appropriate existing health and safety guidance can be further refined and disseminated. Opportunities to provide feedback and information are available throughout the book.

DKK 881.00
1

Agro-Terrorism - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Agro-Terrorism - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

The potential for terrorist attacks against agricultural targets (agroterrorism) is increasingly recognised as a national security threat, especially after the events of September 11, 2001. Agroterrorism is a subset of bioterrorism, and is defined as the deliberate introduction of an animal or plant disease with the goal of generating fear, causing economic losses, and/or undermining social stability. The goal of agroterrorism is not to kill cows or plants. These are the means to the end of causing economic damage, social unrest, and loss of confidence in government. Human health could be at risk if contaminated food reaches the table or if an animal pathogen is transmissible to humans (zoonotic). While agriculture may not be a terrorist''s first choice because it lacks the "shock factor" of more traditional terrorist targets, many analysts consider it a viable secondary target. Agriculture has several characteristics that pose unique vulnerabilities. Farms are geographically disbursed in unsecured environments. Livestock are frequently concentrated in confined locations, and transported or commingled with other herds. Many agricultural diseases can be obtained, handled, and distributed easily. International trade in food products often is tied to disease-free status, which could be jeopardised by an attack. Many veterinarians lack experience with foreign animal diseases that are eradicated domestically but remain endemic in foreign countries. In the past five years, "food defence" has received increasing attention in the counter-terrorism and bioterrorism communities. Laboratory and response capacity are being upgraded to address the reality of agroterrorism, and national response plans now incorporate agroterrorism.

DKK 514.00
1

Agroterrorism - Linda B Katz - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Agroterrorism - Linda B Katz - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

The potential of terrorist attacks against agricultural targets (agroterrorism) is increasingly recognised as a national security threat, especially after the events of September 11, 2001. Agroterrorism is a subset of bioterrorism, and is defined as the deliberate introduction of an animal or plant disease with the goal of generating fear, causing economic losses, and/or undermining stability. Attacks against agriculture are not new, and have been conducted or considered by both nation-states and substate organisations throughout history. The results of an agroterrorist attack may include major economic crises in the agricultural and food industries, loss of confidence in government, and possibly human casualties. Humans could be at risk in terms of food safety or public health, especially if the chosen disease is transmissible to humans (zoonotic). Public opinion may be particularly sensitive to a deliberate outbreak of disease affecting the food supply. Public confidence in government could be eroded if authorities appear unable to prevent such an attack or to protect the population''s food supply. Agriculture has several characteristics that pose unique problems for managing the threat. Agricultural production is geographically disbursed in unsecured environments. Livestock are frequently concentrated in confined locations, and then transported and commingled with other herds. Pest and disease outbreaks can quickly halt economically important exports. Many veterinarians lack experience with foreign animal diseases that are resilient and endemic in foreign countries. Agriculture and food production generally have received less attention in counter-terrorism and homeland security efforts. But more recently, agriculture has garnered more attention in the expanding field of terrorism studies. Laboratory and response systems are being upgraded to address the reality of agroterrorism. This new book examines this threat and the preparations underway for countering it.

DKK 687.00
1

Retirement Decisions - Government Accountability Office - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Retirement Decisions - Government Accountability Office - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

The first wave of the 78 million member baby boom generation is now reaching retirement age. The number of people age 62, the earliest age of eligibility for Social Security retired worker benefits, is expected to be 21 percent higher in 2009 than in 2008. In addition, by 2030, the number of workers supporting each retiree is projected to be 2.2, down from 3.3 in 2006. This demographic shift poses challenges to the economy, federal tax revenues, the nation''s old-age programs, and individuals'' financial security in retirement. For those who are able to work longer, later retirement can strengthen the economy and also retiree incomes by postponing the time at which people will start drawing retirement benefits rather than working. A wide range of factors including the features of employers'' benefit plans, personal finances, social norms, health, and individual attitudes influence workers'' decisions about when to retire. Federal policies may also play a role: these include Social Security, Medicare, and tax policies related to certain private retiree health and defined benefit (DB) and defined contribution (DC) pension plans.1 Identifying both the incentives posed by these policies and the extent to which workers respond to them can help to inform policy makers as they consider ways to address the demographic challenges facing the nation. To determine the extent to which federal policiesdirectly and indirectly-pose incentives and are influencing individuals'' decisions about the age at which they retire, the authors have pursued the following questions: (1) What incentives do federal policies provide about when to retire? (2) What are the recent retirement patterns, and is there evidence that recent changes in Social Security requirements have resulted in later retirements? (3) Is there evidence that tax-favored private retiree health insurance and pension benefits have influenced when people retire? This is a revised and excerpted version.

DKK 514.00
1