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Challenges in Characterizing Small Particles - National Research Council - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Challenges in Characterizing Small Particles - National Research Council - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Small particles are ubiquitous in the natural and built worlds and have tremendous impact throughout. However, a lack of understanding about the properties and chemical composition of small particles limits our ability to predict, and control their applications and impacts. Challenges in Characterizing Small Particles: Exploring Particles from the Nano- to Microscales summarizes presentations and discussions at a 2010 National Academies roundtable. Speakers at this roundtable discussed the crucial types of information that need to be determined about small particles in different media. They also explored the critical importance of small particles in environmental science, materials and chemical sciences, biological science, and engineering, and the many challenges involved in characterizing materials at the nano- and microscales. The discussions on characterization included static, dynamic, experimental, computational, and theoretical characterization. The workshop also included several "research tool" presentations that highlighted new advances in characterizing small particles. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Overview2 What Are Small Particles and Why Are They Important?3 Analysis and Imaging of Small Particles4 Analyzing Nanoparticles in Complex Mixtures5 Modeling and Simulation of Small Particles6 Workshop Wrap-up SessionAppendixesA Workshop AgendaB Poster AbstractsC Participant BiographiesD Workshop AttendeesE Origin of and Information on the Chemical Sciences RoundtableF References

DKK 279.00
1

Improving Health Research on Small Populations - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Improving Health Research on Small Populations - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The increasing diversity of population of the United States presents many challenges to conducting health research that is representative and informative. Dispersion and accessibility issues can increase logistical costs; populations for which it is difficult to obtain adequate sample size are also likely to be expensive to study. Hence, even if it is technically feasible to study a small population, it may not be easy to obtain the funding to do so. In order to address the issues associated with improving health research of small populations, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop in January 2018. Participants considered ways of addressing the challenges of conducting epidemiological studies or intervention research with small population groups, including alternative study designs, innovative methodologies for data collection, and innovative statistical techniques for analysis. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction and Background2 What Do We Mean by "Small Populations"?3 Challenges in Using Available Data for Small Population Health Research4 Techniques Used in Survey Research to Identify and Find Small Populations for Health Research5 New and Emerging Designs for Intervention Studies6 Recruitment, Retention, and Collection of Data7 Analysis Techniques for Small Population Research8 Closing RemarksAppendix A: Agenda and List of ParticipantsAppendix B: Biographical Sketches of Steering Committee and SpeakersCommittee on National Statistics

DKK 312.00
1

Improving the Decision Making Abilities of Small Unit Leaders - Naval Studies Board - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Improving the Decision Making Abilities of Small Unit Leaders - Naval Studies Board - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

For the past decade, the U.S. Marine Corps and its sister services have been engaged in what has been termed "hybrid warfare," which ranges from active combat to civilian support. Hybrid warfare typically occurs in environments where all modes of war are employed, such as conventional weapons, irregular tactics, terrorism, disruptive technologies, and criminality to destabilize an existing order. In August 2010, the National Research Council established the Committee on Improving the Decision Making Abilities of Small Unit Leaders to produce Improving the Decision Making Abilities of Small Unit Leaders. This report examines the operational environment, existing abilities, and gap to include data, technology, skill sets, training, and measures of effectiveness for small unit leaders in conducting enhanced company operations (ECOs) in hybrid engagement, complex environments. Improving the Decision Making Abilities of Small Unit Leaders also determines how to understand the decision making calculus and indicators of adversaries. Improving the Decision Making Abilities of Small Unit Leaders recommends operational and technical approaches for improving the decision making abilities of small unit leaders, including any acquisition and experimentation efforts that can be undertaken by the Marine Corps and/or by other stakeholders aimed specifically at improving the decision making of small unit leaders. This report recommends ways to ease the burden on small unit leaders and to better prepare the small unit leader for success. Improving the Decision Making Abilities of Small Unit Leaders also indentifies a responsible organization to ensure that training and education programs are properly developed, staffed, operated, evaluated, and expanded. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction: The Operational Environment2 Challenges of the Operational Environment for the Small Unit Leader: Observations and Findings3 Scientific Basis and Engineering Approaches for Improving Small Unit Decision Making4 RecommendationsAppendixesAppendix A: Biographies of Committee MembersAppendix B: Summary of Committee Meetings and Site VisitsAppendix C: Acronyms and AbbreviationsAppendix D: Marine Corps Small UnitsAppendix E: Interview ProtocolAppendix F: BiomarkersAppendix G: Dissenting Opinion

DKK 279.00
1

Planetary Protection Considerations for Missions to Solar System Small Bodies - Board On Life Sciences - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Planetary Protection Considerations for Missions to Solar System Small Bodies - Board On Life Sciences - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The ultimate goal of planetary protection for outbound missions is to prevent harmful contamination that would inhibit future measurements designed to search for evidence of the existence or evolution of extraterrestrial life. Preventing harmful contamination is achieved by following specific guidelines based on existing scientific knowledge about the destination and the type of mission. This report responds to NASA's request for a study on planetary protection categorization of missions to small bodies, including whether there are particular populations of small bodies for which contamination of one object in the population would not be likely to have a tangible effect on the opportunities for scientific investigation using other objects in the population. In addressing NASA's request, the authoring committee considered surface composition of target bodies and their importance for prebiotic chemistry, along with size of the small-body populations, the current state of knowledge on the types of objects, the likelihood of a future scientific mission returning to any specific object, active object surface processes, and the size. Table of ContentsFront MatterExecutive Summary1 Introduction2 Small Bodies: Background and Considerations3 Criteria for Planetary Protection Categorization of Small Body Missions4 Implications of Planetary Protection Category I Versus Category II for Small Body Missions5 Planetary Protection, Small Solar System Bodies, and Commercial Space ActivitiesAppendixesAppendix A: Statement of TaskAppendix B: COSPAR Planetary Protection Requirements for Category I and Category II MissionsAppendix C: Acronyms and AbbreviationsAppendix D: Committee and Staff Biographies

DKK 201.00
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Managing Food Safety Practices from Farm to Table - Food Forum - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants - National Research Council - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants - National Research Council - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Updating two previous National Research Council publications, NutrientRequirements of Sheep, Sixth Revised Edition, 1985, and Nutrient Requirementsof Goats, First Edition, 1981, this new book provides an evaluation of the scientificliterature on the nutrient requirements of small ruminants in allstages of life. In addition, effects of the environment, feed additives, andmetabolism modifiers on nutrient requirements are addressed. Proper formulationof diets for small ruminants depends on adequate knowledge oftheir nutrient requirements. These requirements depend on the breed andage of the animal and whether he or she is exercising, pregnant, or lactating. Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants brings together a summary ofthis latest data with new and expanded information on the composition offeeds commonly consumed by small ruminants, both domestic and wild. For the first time this authoritative reference work includes information oncervids and camelids. Primarily intended for animal nutritionists, veterinarians,and other scientists, some sections will be useful to individual sheepand goat owners and managers and to those responsible for the care andmanagement of wildlife species. As both a practical and a technical referencebook, this material is written to ensure that diets of small ruminantscontain adequate amounts of nutrients and that intakes of certain nutrientsare not so excessive that they inhibit performance or impair health.Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary

DKK 755.00
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STTR: An Assessment of the Small Business Technology Transfer Program - Technology Committee On Capitalizing On Science - Bog - National Academies

STTR: An Assessment of the Small Business Technology Transfer Program - Technology Committee On Capitalizing On Science - Bog - National Academies

Today's knowledge economy is driven in large part by the nation's capacity to innovate. One of the defining features of the U.S. economy is a high level of entrepreneurial activity. Entrepreneurs in the United States see opportunities and are willing and able to assume risk to bring new welfare-enhancing, wealth-generating technologies to the market. Yet, although discoveries in areas such as genomics, bioinformatics, and nanotechnology present new opportunities, converting these discoveries into innovations for the market involves substantial challenges. The American capacity for innovation can be strengthened by addressing the challenges faced by entrepreneurs. Public-private partnerships are one means to help entrepreneurs bring new ideas to market. The Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) and the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program form one of the largest examples of U.S. public-private partnerships. In the SBIR Reauthorization Act of 2000, Congress tasked the National Research Council with undertaking a comprehensive study of how the SBIR program has stimulated technological innovation and used small businesses to meet federal research and development needs and with recommending further improvements to the program. When reauthorizing the SBIR and STTR programs in 2011, Congress expanded the study mandate to include a review of the STTR program. This report builds on the methodology and outcomes from the previous review of SBIR and assesses the STTR program. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Program Management3 Applications and Awards4 Qualitative Assessment: Company and University Perspectives5 Quantitative Outcomes6 Findings and RecommendationsAPPENDIXESAppendix A: Overview of Methodological Approaches, Data Sources, and Survey ToolsAppendix B: Major Changes to the SBIR and STTR Programs Resulting from the 2011 SBIR Reauthorization Act, P.L. 112-81, December 2011Appendix C: National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine 2014 SBIR/STTR SurveyAppendix D: List of Research Institutions Reported by STTR Survey RespondentsAppendix E: Case StudiesAppendix F: Annex to Chapter 3: Agency-level DataAppendix G: Annex to Chapter 5: Quantitative OutcomesAppendix H: GlossaryAppendix I: Agenda: Workshop on the Small Business Technology Transfer ProgramAppendix J: Bibliography

DKK 396.00
1

Small Populations, Large Effects - National Research Council - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Small Populations, Large Effects - National Research Council - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

In the early 1990s, the Census Bureau proposed a program of continuous measurement as a possible alternative to the gathering of detailed social, economic, and housing data from a sample of the U.S. population as part of the decennial census. The American Community Survey (ACS) became a reality in 2005, and has included group quarters (GQ)-such places as correctional facilities for adults, student housing, nursing facilities, inpatient hospice facilities, and military barracks-since 2006, primarily to more closely replicate the design and data products of the census long-form sample. The decision to include group quarters in the ACS enables the Census Bureau to provide a comprehensive benchmark of the total U.S. population (not just those living in households). However, the fact that the ACS must rely on a sample of what is a small and very diverse population, combined with limited funding available for survey operations, makes the ACS GQ sampling, data collection, weighting, and estimation procedures more complex and the estimates more susceptible to problems stemming from these limitations. The concerns are magnified in small areas, particularly in terms of detrimental effects on the total population estimates produced for small areas. Small Populations, Large Effects provides an in-depth review of the statistical methodology for measuring the GQ population in the ACS. This report addresses difficulties associated with measuring the GQ population and the rationale for including GQs in the ACS. Considering user needs for ACS data and of operational feasibility and compatibility with the treatment of the household population in the ACS, the report recommends alternatives to the survey design and other methodological features that can make the ACS more useful for users of small-area data.

DKK 292.00
1

Review of the SBIR and STTR Programs at the National Science Foundation - Technology Board On Science - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Review of the SBIR and STTR Programs at the Department of Energy - Policy And Global Affairs - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Review of the SBIR and STTR Programs at the Department of Energy - Policy And Global Affairs - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Since its founding in 1982, the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program has become the largest and most comprehensive public research and development funding program of small business research in the United States. An underlying tenet of the SBIR program, and the related Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) program, is that small and young firms are an important source of new ideas that provide the underlying basis for technological innovation, productivity increases, and subsequent economic growth. By involving qualified small businesses in the nation's research and development efforts, SBIR/STTR grants stimulate the development of innovative technologies and help federal agencies achieve their missions and objectives. At the request of the Department of Energy (DOE), this report examines the SBIR and STTR programs at DOE, focusing on the effectiveness of DOE's SBIR/STTR processes and procedures on topic and awardee selection; DOE outreach efforts to SBIR and STTR applicants; collaborations created between small businesses and research institutions on account of the programs; a range of direct economic and non-economic impacts to awardees; and the role of SBIR/STTR programs in stimulating technological innovation and contributing to DOE's research and development needs, whether directly from awardees or indirectly through spillovers from other firms. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Small Business Innovation at the U.S. Department of Energy: Framework for Evaluating the DOE SBIR/STTR Programs3 DOE SBIR/STTR Processes4 The Landscape of DOE SBIR/STTR Awardees5 The Impact of the DOE SBIR/STTR Programs: Innovation, Commercialization, and EmploymentReferencesAppendixesAppendix A: AgendasAppendix B: Biographies of Committee MembersAppendix C: Technical Appendix to Chapter 5

DKK 396.00
1

Exploring Tax Policy to Advance Population Health, Health Equity, and Economic Prosperity - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies

Venture Funding and the NIH SBIR Program - Policy And Global Affairs - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Venture Funding and the NIH SBIR Program - Policy And Global Affairs - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The Small Business Administration issued a policy directive in 2002, the effect of which has been to exclude innovative small firms in which venture capital firms have a controlling interest from the SBIR program. This book seeks to illuminate the consequences of the SBA ruling excluding majority-owned venture capital firms from participation in SBIR projects. This book is part of the National Research Council's study to evaluate the SBIR program's quality of research and value to the missions of five government agencies. The other books in the series include:An Assessment of the SBIR Program (2008)An Assessment of the SBIR Program at the National Science Foundation (2007)An Assessment of the Small Business Innovation Research Program at the National Institutes of Health (2009)An Assessment of Small Business Innovation Research Program at the Department of Energy (2008)An Assessment of the Small Business Innovation Research Program at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (2009)An Assessment of the Small Business Innovation Research Program at the Department of Defense (2009)Table of ContentsFront MatterExecutive Summary1 Introduction2 Study Methodology3 Venture Funding for NIH Phase II Winners, 1992-20024 Focus on the Top 200 Award Winners5 Other Sources of Data on the Participation of Venture-owned Firms6 Comparing Project Outcomes7 Impact of the SBA Ruling on the NIH SBIR ProgramAppendixesAppendix A: Venture-funded Firms Among the 200 Most Prolific Winners of NIH Phase II Awards 1992-2002Appendix B: NRC Non-participant SurveyAppendix C: NIH List of Firms Excluded on the Grounds of Venture Capital OwnershipAppendix D: Venture-funded Firms: Data from Hoover's Small Business Database and VentureSourceAppendix E: Analysis of the Evidence Submitted by BIOAppendix F: SBA Administrative Ruling on Appeal of Cognetix, Inc. Appendix G: Letter from Elias A. Zerhouni, Director, National Institutes of Health to Hector V. Barreto, Administrator, U.S. Small Business Administration, June 28, 2005Appendix H: Testimony by Steven C. Preston, SBA Administrator, to the House Small Business Committee, March 13, 2008Appendix I: Bibliography

DKK 240.00
1

Assessment of the SBIR and STTR Programs at the National Institutes of Health - Policy And Global Affairs - Bog - National Academies Press -

Assessment of the SBIR and STTR Programs at the National Institutes of Health - Policy And Global Affairs - Bog - National Academies Press -

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) asked the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to conduct a quadrennial review of its Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) programs, in accordance with a legislative mandate. Using quantitative and qualitative analyses of data, this report reviews the operations and outcomes stemming from NIH's SBIR/STTR awards. Drawing on published research and conducting new analyses based on both publicly available data and applicant data provided by NIH, Assessment of the SBIR and STTR Programs at the National Institutes of Health analyzes (1) the effectiveness of NIH's processes and procedures for selecting SBIR and STTR awardees; (2) the effectiveness of NIH's outreach to increase SBIR and STTR applications from small businesses that are new to the programs, from underrepresented states, and from woman-owned and minority-owned businesses; (3) collaborations between small businesses and research institutions resulting from the programs; and (4) a range of direct economic and health care impacts attributable to the programs. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Framework for Evaluating the SBIR/STTR Programs at the National Institutes of Health3 NIH SBIR/STTR Processes4 The Landscape of NIH SBIR/STTR Awardees5 Impact of the NIH SBIR/STTR ProgramsReferencesAppendix A: AgendasAppendix B: Biographies of Committee MembersAppendix C: Technical Appendix

DKK 344.00
1

Advancing Scientific Research in Education - Division Of Behavioral And Social Sciences And Education - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

SBIR at the Department of Defense - Technology Committee On Capitalizing On Science - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

SBIR at the Department of Defense - Technology Committee On Capitalizing On Science - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Created in 1982 through the Small Business Innovation Development Act, the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program remains the nation's single largest innovation program for small business. The SBIR program offers competitive awards to support the development and commercialization of innovative technologies by small private-sector businesses. At the same time, the program provides government agencies with technical and scientific solutions that address their different missions. SBIR at the Department of Defense considers ways that the Department of Defense SBIR program could work better in addressing the congressional objectives for the SBIR program to stimulate technological innovation, use small businesses to meet federal research and development (R & D) needs, foster and encourage the participation of socially and economically disadvantaged small businesses, and increase the private sector commercialization of innovations derived from federal R&D. An earlier report, An Assessment of the Small Business Innovation Research Program at the Department of Defense, studied how the SBIR program has stimulated technological innovation and used small businesses to meet federal research and development needs. This report builds on the previous one, with a revised survey of SBIR companies. SBIR at the Department of Defense revisits some case studies from the 2009 study and develops new ones, and interviews agency managers and other stakeholders to provide a second snapshot of the program's progress toward achieving its legislative goals. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 SBIR Awards at the Department of Defense3 Program Outcomes-Quantitative Assessment4Commercialization Initiatives in the DoD SBIR Program5 Insights from Case Studies and Extended Survey Responses6 Program Management7 Findings and RecommendationsAppendix A: Overview of Methodological Approaches, Data Sources, and Survey ToolsAppendix B: Major Changes to the SBIR Program Resulting from the 2011 SBIR Reauthorization Act, Public Law 112-81, December 2011Appendix C: List of Universities Involved in DoD SBIR AwardsAppendix D: GlossaryAppendix E: 2011 NRC Survey InstrumentAppendix F: Selected Case StudiesAppendix G: Comparison Group AnalysisAppendix H: Bibliography

DKK 396.00
1

An Assessment of the SBIR Program at the Department of Defense - Policy And Global Affairs - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

SBIR/STTR at the National Institutes of Health - Technology Committee On Capitalizing On Science - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

SBIR/STTR at the National Institutes of Health - Technology Committee On Capitalizing On Science - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) programs provide federal research and development funding to small businesses. In 2008, the National Research Council completed a comprehensive assessment of the SBIR and STTR programs. The first-round study found that the programs were "sound in concept and effective in practice." Building on the outcomes from the Phase I study, this second phase examines both topics of general policy interest that emerged during the first phase and topics of specific interest to individual agencies, and provides a second snapshot to measure the program's progress against its legislative goals. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 NIH Program Management3 Program Initiatives at NIH4 SBIR and STTR Awards at NIH5 Quantitative Outcomes6 Participation of Women and Minorities7 Insights from Case Studies and Survey Responses8 Findings and RecommendationsAppendixesAppendix A: Overview of Methodological Approaches, Data Sources, and Survey ToolsAppendix B: Major Changes to the SBIR Program Resulting from the 2011 SBIR Reauthorization Act, P.L. 112-81, December 2011Appendix C: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine 2014 SBIR/STTR SurveyAppendix D: Research Institutions (RIs) Working on NIH SBIR/STTR AwardsAppendix E: Case StudiesAppendix F: GlossaryAppendix G: Bibliography

DKK 500.00
1

Innovation, Diversity, and the SBIR/STTR Programs - Technology Committee On Capitalizing On Science - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Innovation, Diversity, and the SBIR/STTR Programs - Technology Committee On Capitalizing On Science - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) programs provide federal research and development funding to small businesses. One of the the goals of these programs is to foster and encourage participation by minority and disadvantaged persons in technological innovation. Innovation, Diversity, and Success in the SBIR/STTR Programs is the summary of a workshop convened in February 2013 that focused on the participation of women, minorities, and both older and younger scientists, engineers, and entrepreneurs in the SBIR and STTR programs, with the goal of reviewing current efforts to expand the pool of SBIR/STTR-funded researchers and of identifying mechanisms for improving participation rates. This report is a record of the presentation and discussions of the event. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction2 Moving Forward: Finding Solutions3 Opening Remarks: Defining the Issue4 Women and the SBIR Program5 Profiles of Scientists and Engineers and an Aging Workforce6 SBIR/STTR and Support for Socially and Economically Disadvantaged Scientists and Engineers7--Cases of Successful High-Tech Entrepreneurship8 Roundtable DiscussionAppendix A-- AgendaAppendix B-- Participants ListAppendix C-- Data on Woman and Minority Participation in the SBIR Program at the Department of DefenseAppendix D-- Bibliography

DKK 266.00
1

Principles and Practices for Federal Program Evaluation - Division Of Behavioral And Social Sciences And Education - Bog - National Academies Press -

Nuclear Proliferation and Arms Control Monitoring, Detection, and Verification - Verification Committee On The Review Of Capabilities For Detection -

Nuclear Proliferation and Arms Control Monitoring, Detection, and Verification - Verification Committee On The Review Of Capabilities For Detection -

At the request of Congress, this report presents findings and recommendations related to governance of the U.S. government's monitoring, detection, and verification (MDV) enterprise and offers findings and recommendations related to technical MDV capabilities and research, development, test, and evaluation efforts, focused in particular on the nuclear fuel cycle, nuclear test explosions, and arms control. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Governance of the MDV Enterprise3 Technical MDV Capabilities and Research and Development4 ConclusionAppendix A: Statement of TaskAppendix B: List of Findings and RecommendationsAppendix C: Summary of the Defense Science Board Task Force Report: Assessment of Nuclear Monitoring and Verification TechnologiesAppendix D: Summary of the 2018 Plan for Verification, Detection, and Monitoring of Nuclear Weapons and Fissile MaterialAppendix E: Table of Technology Readiness LevelsAppendix F: NNSA DNN (NA-20) Organizational ChartAppendix G: MDV at the Department of Energy National LaboratoriesAppendix H: NNSA's Over the Horizon InitiativeAppendix I: Example Charter for the National Security Council's External Advisory Board for Monitoring, Detection, and Verification AssessmentAppendix J: Table of Relevant Technical and Program ReviewsAppendix K: Summary of Currently Funded NNSA/DNN R&D University ConsortiaAppendix L: Table of MDV R&D Technical Capabilities Needed for the Nuclear Fuel Cycle, Nuclear Test Explosions, and Arms ControlAppendix M: MDV R&D Priorities Listed in the NDRD Strategic Plan for FY20202024Appendix N: Committee BiographiesAppendix O: List of Committee Meetings and Briefings

DKK 370.00
1

SBIR/STTR at the Department of Energy - Technology Committee On Capitalizing On Science - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

SBIR/STTR at the Department of Energy - Technology Committee On Capitalizing On Science - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program is one of the largest examples of U.S. public-private partnerships, and was established in 1982 to encourage small businesses to develop new processes and products and to provide quality research in support of the U.S. government's many missions. The Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) Program was created in 1992 by the Small Business Research and Development Enhancement Act to expand joint venture opportunities for small businesses and nonprofit research institutions by requiring small business recipients to collaborate formally with a research institution. The U.S. Congress tasked the National Research Council with undertaking a comprehensive study of how the SBIR and STTR programs have stimulated technological innovation and used small businesses to meet federal research and development needs, and with recommending further improvements to the programs. In the first round of this study, an ad hoc committee prepared a series of reports from 2004 to 2009 on the SBIR and STTR programs at the five agencies responsible for 96 percent of the programs' operations—including the Department of Energy (DoE). Building on the outcomes from the first round, this second round presents the committee's second review of the DoE SBIR program's operations. Public-private partnerships like SBIR and STTR are particularly important since today's knowledge economy is driven in large part by the nation's capacity to innovate. One of the defining features of the U.S. economy is a high level of entrepreneurial activity. Entrepreneurs in the United States see opportunities and are willing and able to assume risk to bring new welfare-enhancing, wealth-generating technologies to the market. Yet, although discoveries in areas such as genomics, bioinformatics, and nanotechnology present new opportunities, converting these discoveries into innovations for the market involves substantial challenges. The American capacity for innovation can be strengthened by addressing the challenges faced by entrepreneurs. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Program Management3 DoE Initiatives4 SBIR and STTR Awards at DoE5 Quantitative Outcomes6 Participation of Women and Minorities7 Insights from Case Studies and Survey Responses8 Findings and RecommendationsAppendixesAppendix A: Overview of Methodological Approaches, Data Sources, and Survey ToolsAppendix B: Major Changes to the SBIR and STTR Programs Resulting from the 2011 SBIR Reauthorization Act, P.L. 112-81, December 2011Appendix C: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine 2014 SBIR/STTR SurveyAppendix D: List of Research Institutions Involved in Surveyed DoE SBIR/STTR AwardsAppendix E: Case StudiesAppendix F: Annex to Chapter 5: Extended 2014 Survey DataAppendix G: GlossaryAppendix H: Bibliography

DKK 422.00
1