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A Vision for the National Weather Service - National Weather Service - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Service-Learning in Undergraduate Geosciences - Division Of Behavioral And Social Sciences And Education - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

An Assessment of NASA's National Aviation Operations Monitoring Service - Aeronautics And Space Engineering Board - Bog - National Academies Press -

Preventing Psychological Disorders in Service Members and Their Families - Committee On The Assessment Of Resiliency And Prevention Programs For

Preventing Psychological Disorders in Service Members and Their Families - Committee On The Assessment Of Resiliency And Prevention Programs For

Being deployed to a war zone can result in numerous adverse psychological health conditions. It is well documented in the literature that there are high rates of psychological disorders among military personnel serving in Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan and Operation Iraqi Freedom in Iraq as well as among the service members' families. For service members' families, the degree of hardship and negative consequences rises with the amount of the service members' exposure to traumatic or life-altering experiences. Adult and child members of the families of service members who experience wartime deployments have been found to be at increased risk for symptoms of psychological disorders and to be more likely to use mental health services. In an effort to provide early recognition and early intervention that meet the psychological health needs of service members and their families, DOD currently screens for many of these conditions at numerous points during the military life cycle, and it is implementing structural interventions that support the improved integration of military line personnel, non-medical caregivers, and clinicians, such as RESPECT-Mil (Re-engineering Systems of Primary Care Treatment in the Military), embedded mental health providers, and the Patient-Centered Medical Home. Preventing Psychological Disorders in Service Members and Their Families evaluates risk and protective factors in military and family populations and suggests that prevention strategies are needed at multiple levels - individual, interpersonal, institutional, community, and societal - in order to address the influence that these factors have on psychological health. This report reviews and critiques reintegration programs and prevention strategies for PTSD, depression, recovery support, and prevention of substance abuse, suicide, and interpersonal violence. Table of ContentsFront MatterSUMMARY1 INTRODUCTION2 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKS FOR REVIEWING EVIDENCE-BASED PREVENTION IN PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH3 UNDERSTANDING PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH IN THE MILITARY4 EVIDENCE FOR DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE INTERVENTIONS FOR PREVENTING PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS5 MEASUREMENT OF DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE PREVENTION INTERVENTIONS RELATED TO PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH6 FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONSAppendix A: SUMMARY FROM *RETURNING HOME FROM IRAQ AND AFGHANISTAN: ASSESSMENT OF READJUSTMENT NEEDS OF SERVICE MEMBERS AND THEIR FAMILIES*Appendix B: INFORMATION-GATHERING MEETING AGENDAAppendix C: SUPPLEMENTAL HEALTH SCREENING QUESTIONNAIREAppendix D: PRE-DEPLOYMENT HEALTH ASSESSMENT QUESTIONNAIREAppendix E: POST-DEPLOYMENT HEALTH ASSESSMENT QUESTIONNAIREAppendix F: POST-DEPLOYMENT HEALTH RE-ASSESSMENT QUESTIONNAIREAppendix G: PROGRAM REVIEWS FROM *SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS IN THE U.S. ARMED FORCES*Appendix H: TABLE OF DOD PROGRAMS TO INCREASE RESILIENCE OR PREVENT PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH DISORDERS, AS IDENTIFIED BY RAND

DKK 553.00
1

The National Weather Service Modernization and Associated Restructuring - National Research Council - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The National Weather Service Modernization and Associated Restructuring - National Research Council - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The Modernization and Associated Restructuring (MAR) of the National Weather Service (NWS) was a large and complex re-engineering of a federal agency. The process lasted a decade and cost an estimated $4.5 billion. The result was greater integration of science into weather service activities and improved outreach and coordination with users of weather information. The MAR created a new, modernized NWS, and, significantly, it created a framework that will allow the NWS to keep up with technological changes in a more evolutionary manner. The MAR was both necessary and generally well executed. However, it required revolutionary, often difficult, changes. The procurement of large, complex technical systems presented challenges in and of itself. The MAR also affected the career paths and personal lives of a large portion of the field office workforce. The MAR created a new, modernized NWS, and, significantly, it created a framework that will allow the NWS to keep up with technological changes in a more evolutionary manner. The National Weather Service Modernization and Associated Restructuring presents the first comprehensive assessment of the execution of the MAR and its impact on the provision of weather services in the United States. This report provides an assessment that addresses the past modernization as well as lessons learned to support future improvements to NWS capabilities.

DKK 279.00
1

A Principled Approach to Language Assessment - Committee On Foreign Language Assessment For The U.s. Foreign Service Institute - Bog - National

A Principled Approach to Language Assessment - Committee On Foreign Language Assessment For The U.s. Foreign Service Institute - Bog - National

The United States is formally represented around the world by approximately 14,000 Foreign Service officers and other personnel in the U.S. Department of State. Roughly one-third of them are required to be proficient in the local languages of the countries to which they are posted. To achieve this language proficiency for its staff, the State Department's Foreign Service Institute (FSI) provides intensive language instruction and assesses the proficiency of personnel before they are posted to a foreign country. The requirement for language proficiency is established in law and is incorporated in personnel decisions related to job placement, promotion, retention, and pay. A Principled Approach to Language Assessment: Considerations for the U.S. Foreign Service Institute evaluates the different approaches that exist to assess foreign language proficiency that FSI could potentially use. This report considers the key assessment approaches in the research literature that are appropriate for language testing, including, but not limited to, assessments that use task-based or performance-based approaches, adaptive online test administration, and portfolios. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 The FSI Testing Context3 Language Constructs and Language Use4 Possible Approaches for Assessing Language Proficiency in the FSI Context5 Interpreting FSI Test Scores6 Evaluating Validity in the FSI Context7 Balancing Evaluation and the Implementation of New ApproachesReferencesAppendix: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and Staff

DKK 370.00
1

The Potential Consequences of Public Release of Food Safety and Inspection Service Establishment-Specific Data - National Research Council - Bog -

The Potential Consequences of Public Release of Food Safety and Inspection Service Establishment-Specific Data - National Research Council - Bog -

The Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) is the regulatory agency in the US Department of Agriculture that is responsible for ensuring that meat, poultry, and processed egg products produced domestically or imported into the United States are safe, wholesome, and properly labeled. FSIS collects a voluminous amount of data in support of its regulatory functions, but the two major types of FSIS data that are currently being considered for public release are sampling and testing data (derived from standard laboratory tests) and inspection and enforcement data (derived from text written by inspectors). Some of those data are already released to the public in aggregated form but not in disaggregated, establishment-specific form. In recent years, the Obama administration has implemented measures to facilitate openness in government, including the requirement that federal agencies publish information online and provide public access to information in a timely manner; in a form that can be easily retrieved, downloaded, indexed, and searched with tools that are available on the Internet; and without the need for Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests. The Potential Consequences of Public Release of Food Safety and Inspection Service Establishment-Specific Data examines the potential food-safety benefits and other consequences of making establishment-specific data publicly available on the Internet. The report includes how factors such as level of aggregation, timing of release, level of completeness, and characterization of the data or context in which the data are presented might affect their utility in improving food safety. The report also examines potential ways that food-safety benefits and other effects of publicly posting the data might be measured. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Background2 Transparency and Food Safety and Inspection Service Data-Sharing3 Experience with Public Posting of Government Data4 Public Release of Food Safety and Inspection Service Establishment-Specific DataAPPENDIX A Committee Member BiographiesAPPENDIX B Office of Management and Budget Memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments and AgenciesAPPENDIX C FSIS Tables

DKK 320.00
1

Innovations in Service Delivery in the Age of Genomics - Board On Health Sciences Policy - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Psychological Testing in the Service of Disability Determination - Board On The Health Of Select Populations - Bog - National Academies Press -

Psychological Testing in the Service of Disability Determination - Board On The Health Of Select Populations - Bog - National Academies Press -

The United States Social Security Administration (SSA) administers two disability programs: Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI), for disabled individuals, and their dependent family members, who have worked and contributed to the Social Security trust funds, and Supplemental Security Income (SSSI), which is a means-tested program based on income and financial assets for adults aged 65 years or older and disabled adults and children. Both programs require that claimants have a disability and meet specific medical criteria in order to qualify for benefits. SSA establishes the presence of a medically-determined impairment in individuals with mental disorders other than intellectual disability through the use of standard diagnostic criteria, which include symptoms and signs. These impairments are established largely on reports of signs and symptoms of impairment and functional limitation. Psychological Testing in the Service of Disability Determination considers the use of psychological tests in evaluating disability claims submitted to the SSA. This report critically reviews selected psychological tests, including symptom validity tests, that could contribute to SSA disability determinations. The report discusses the possible uses of such tests and their contribution to disability determinations. Psychological Testing in the Service of Disability Determination discusses testing norms, qualifications for administration of tests, administration of tests, and reporting results. The recommendations of this report will help SSA improve the consistency and accuracy of disability determination in certain cases. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Disability Evaluation and the Use of Psychological Tests3 Overview of Psychological Testing4 Self-Report Measures and Symptom Validity Tests5 Cognitive Tests and Performance Validity Tests6 Economic Considerations7 Conclusions and RecommendationsAppendix A: Public Workshop AgendasAppendix B: Biographical Sketches of Committee MembersAppendix C: Glossary

DKK 370.00
1

Rationalizing Rural Area Classifications for the Economic Research Service - Division Of Behavioral And Social Sciences And Education - Bog - National

Rationalizing Rural Area Classifications for the Economic Research Service - Division Of Behavioral And Social Sciences And Education - Bog - National

The U.S. Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service (USDA/ERS) maintains four highly related but distinct geographic classification systems to designate areas by the degree to which they are rural. The original urban-rural code scheme was developed by the ERS in the 1970s. Rural America today is very different from the rural America of 1970 described in the first rural classification report. At that time migration to cities and poverty among the people left behind was a central concern. The more rural a residence, the more likely a person was to live in poverty, and this relationship held true regardless of age or race. Since the 1970s the interstate highway system was completed and broadband was developed. Services have become more consolidated into larger centers. Some of the traditional rural industries, farming and mining, have prospered, and there has been rural amenity-based in-migration. Many major structural and economic changes have occurred during this period. These factors have resulted in a quite different rural economy and society since 1970. In April 2015, the Committee on National Statistics convened a workshop to explore the data, estimation, and policy issues for rationalizing the multiple classifications of rural areas currently in use by the Economic Research Service (ERS). Participants aimed to help ERS make decisions regarding the generation of a county rural-urban scale for public use, taking into consideration the changed social and economic environment. This report summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction2 Official U.S. Rural Area Classification Systems3 Other Rural Area Classification Systems Used in the United States and Internationally4 Changes in Society and Economy and Their Impact on Rural Area Classifications5 Different Ways to Conceptualize Rural Areas in Metropolitan Society6 Uses of Current Rural Classification Systems7 Changes in Social Science Data and Methods8 Evaluating the Reliability and Validity of Rural Area Classifications9 Closing RemarksBibliographyAppendix A: ERS Goals for Workshop on Rural ClassificationsAppendix B: Historical Development of ERS Rural-Urban Classification Systems--John CromartieAppendix C: Workshop Agenda and List of ParticipantsAppendix D: Biographical Sketches of Steering Committee MembersCommittee on National Statistics

DKK 312.00
1

Post-Incident Recovery Considerations of the Health Care Service Delivery Infrastructure - Board On Health Sciences Policy - Bog - National Academies

Post-Incident Recovery Considerations of the Health Care Service Delivery Infrastructure - Board On Health Sciences Policy - Bog - National Academies

Health systems and assets are a large part of the critical infrastructure of any community and are vital not only for the safety and well-being of its citizens, but also for the economic vitality, quality of life, and livelihood of the entire community. As part of its ongoing mission to foster dialogue among stakeholders and to confront the challenges inherent in ensuring the nation's health security, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) Forum on Medical and Public Health Preparedness for Catastrophic Events sponsored a town hall session at the 2012 Public Health Preparedness Summit. This event took place February 21-24 in Anaheim, California. In this session sponsored by the IOM, the focus of discussion was sustaining health care delivery beyond the initial response to a disaster and facilitating the full long-term recovery of the local health care delivery systems. Many elements required for recovery are also fundamental to the day-to-day operations of these systems. Investing in improved health care delivery systems, both financially and through collaborative capacity building, can enhance economic development and growth before a disaster, and also prove instrumental in sustaining services and recovering after a disaster. Post-Incident Recovery Considerations of the Health Care Service Delivery Infrastructure serves as a summary of the session and explains the value of regional capacity building; the importance of interagency, intergovernmental, and public-private collaboration; and the significant role that health care coalitions can play in ensuring resilient communities and national health security. Table of ContentsFront MatterWorkshop SummaryAppendix A: Workshop Statement of TaskAppendix B: AgendaAppendix C: Speaker Biographies

DKK 195.00
1

Corrosion of Buried Steel at New and In-Service Infrastructure - Committee On The Corrosion Of Buried Steel At New And In Service Infrastructure - Bog

Corrosion of Buried Steel at New and In-Service Infrastructure - Committee On The Corrosion Of Buried Steel At New And In Service Infrastructure - Bog

Steel is a common component of U.S. infrastructure, but that steel can corrode when buried in soil, rock, or fill. Steel corrosion is estimated to cost the United States 3-4 percent of its gross domestic product every year, and it can lead to infrastructure failure, loss of lives, property, disruption of energy and transportation systems, and damage to the environment. Although the mechanisms of steel corrosion are well understood, limited data on subsurface corrosion and the inability to measure corrosivity directly make accurate corrosion prediction through modeling a challenge. When hazardous levels of corrosion does occur, it is difficult to determine whether the cause was related to site selection, engineering decisions, changes in subsurface conditions, or a combination of these factors. This report explores the state of knowledge and technical issues regarding the corrosion of steel used for earth applications (e.g., for ground stabilization, pipelines, and infrastructure foundations) in unconsolidated earth or rock in different geologic settings. The report summarizes mechanisms of steel corrosion, assesses the state of practice for characterizing factors in the subsurface environment that influence corrosion and corrosion rates, and assesses the efficacy and uncertainties associated with quantitative, field, and laboratory methods for predicting corrosion. The industries and experts most involved with managing buried steel should collaborate to improve multidisciplinary understanding of the processes that drive buried steel corrosion. Developing a common lexicon related to buried steel corrosion, generating new data on corrosion through collaborative long-term experiments, sharing and managing data, and developing new data analytical techniques to inform infrastructure design, construction, and management decisions are key. Industries, experts, and regulators should collaboratively develop decision support systems that guide site characterization and help manage risk. These systems and new data should undergird a common clearinghouse for data on corrosion of buried steel, which will ultimately inform better and more efficient management of buried steel infrastructure, and protect safety and the environment. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Fundamentals of Steel Corrosion, Industry Applications and Approaches, and Sources of Corrosion Data3 Subsurface Environment4 Corrosion of Buried Steel5 Corrosion Protection for Buried Steel6 Standard and Evolving Subsurface Characterization7 Standard and Evolving Monitoring Practices8 Predictive Modeling9 Conclusions and RecommendationsReferencesAppendix A: Biographical Sketches of Committee MembersAppendix B: Meeting and Workshop AgendasAppendix C: Acronyms and Abbreviations

DKK 214.00
1

Improving the Presumptive Disability Decision-Making Process for Veterans - Committee On Evaluation Of The Presumptive Disability Decision Making

Improving the Presumptive Disability Decision-Making Process for Veterans - Committee On Evaluation Of The Presumptive Disability Decision Making

The United States has long recognized and honored the service and sacrifices of its military and veterans. Veterans who have been injured by their service (whether their injury appears during service or afterwards) are owed appropriate health care and disability compensation. For some medical conditions that develop after military service, the scientific information needed to connect the health conditions to the circumstances of service may be incomplete. When information is incomplete, Congress or the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) may need to make a "presumption" of service connection so that a group of veterans can be appropriately compensated. The missing information may be about the specific exposures of the veterans, or there may be incomplete scientific evidence as to whether an exposure during service causes the health condition of concern. For example, when the exposures of military personnel in Vietnam to Agent Orange could not be clearly documented, a presumption was established that all those who set foot on Vietnam soil were exposed to Agent Orange. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) Committee was charged with reviewing and describing how presumptions have been made in the past and, if needed, to make recommendations for an improved scientific framework that could be used in the future for determining if a presumption should be made. The Committee was asked to consider and describe the processes of all participants in the current presumptive disability decision-making process for veterans. The Committee was not asked to offer an opinion about past presumptive decisions or to suggest specific future presumptions. The Committee heard from a range of groups that figure into this decision-making process, including past and present staffers from Congress, the VA, the IOM, veterans service organizations, and individual veterans. The Department of Defense (DoD) briefed the Committee about its current activities and plans to better track the exposures and health conditions of military personnel. The Committee further documented the current process by developing case studies around exposures and health conditions for which presumptions had been made. Improving the Presumptive Disability Decision-Making Process for Veterans explains recommendations made by the committee general methods by which scientists, as well as government and other organizations, evaluate scientific evidence in order to determine if a specific exposure causes a health condition. Table of ContentsFront MatterGeneral SummarySummary1 Introduction2 A Brief History of Presumptive Disability Decisions for Veterans3 The Presumptive Disability Decision-Making Process4 Legislative Background on Presumptions5 Case Studies Summary Chapter6 Establishing an Evidence-Based Framework7 Scientific Evidence for Causation in the Population8 Synthesizing the Evidence for Causation9 Applying Population-Based Results to Individuals: From Observational Studies to Personal Compensation10 Health and Exposure Data Infrastructure to Improve the Scientific Basis of Presumptions11 Governmental Classification and Secrecy12 The Way Forward13 RecommendationsAppendix A: Statement of the Veterans' Disability Benefits Commission to the Institute of Medicine's Committee on the Presumptive Disability Decision-Making Process, May 31, 2006Appendix B: Committee on Evaluation of the Presumptive Disability Decision-Making Process for Veterans Open Session Meeting AgendasAppendix C: GlossaryTitle PageAppendix D: Historical BackgroundAppendix E: Arguments Favoring and Opposing PresumptionsAppendix F: Tables: Summary of Presumptive Disability Decision-Making Legislative HistoryAppendix G: VA's White Paper on the Presumptive Disability Decision-Making ProcessAppendix H: IOM's Statements of Task and Conclusions for Agent Orange and Gulf War ReportsAppendix I: Case StudiesAppendix J: Causation and Statistical Causal MethodsAppendix K: Sources of Health and Exposure Data for VeteransAppendix L: Additional Classification and Secrecy InformationAppendix M: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members, Consultants, and Staff

DKK 507.00
1